- TRUSTMAN is an organisation of professional based at Delhi, India of high caliber and qualified professionals  to provide multi disciplinary services at one place to all businesses/ individuals and firm  is  capable of  addressing and resolving several business and legal issues. A law firm based at Delhi, India with a difference. Law Firm in India

 

 

Central Acts of India prepared by Law Firm in India

  THE TRADE MARKS ACT, 1999
 
 ACT NO. 47 OF 1999
 
 [30th December, 1999]
 
 
 An  Act  to amend and consolidate the law relating to trade marks,  to
 provide  for  registration  and better protection of trade  marks  for
 goods  and  services and for the prevention of the use  of  fraudulent
 marks.
 
 BE  it  enacted by Parliament in the Fiftieth Year of the Republic  of
 India as follows:-
 
 
 CHAP
 
 PRELIMINARY
 
 
 CHAPTER I
 
 PRELIMINARY
 
 
 1.
 
 Short title and commencement.
 
 
 1.  Short title and commencement.-(1) This Act may be called the Trade
 Marks Act, 1999.
 
 (2) It extends to the whole of India.
 
 (3)  It  shall come into force on such date as the Central  Government
 may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint:
 
 Provided  that  different  dates  may   be  appointed  for   different
 provisions of this Act, and any reference in any such provision to the
 commencement  of  this  Act shall be construed as a reference  to  the
 coming into force of that provision.
 
 
 2.
 
 Definitions and interpretation.
 
 
 2.   Definitions  and  interpretation.-(1)  In this  Act,  unless  the
 context otherwise requires,-
 
 (a)  "Appellate  Board"  means the Appellate Board  established  under
 section 83;
 
 (b)  "assignment" means an assignment in writing by act of the parties
 concerned;
 
 (c)  "associated  trade  marks"  means trade marks deemed  to  be,  or
 required to be, registered as associated trade marks under this Act;
 
 (d) "Bench" means a Bench of the Appellate Board;
 
 (e)  "certification trade mark" means a mark capable of distinguishing
 the  goods  or  services in connection with which it is  used  in  the
 course  of trade which are certified by the proprietor of the mark  in
 respect   of  origin,  material,  mode  of  manufacture  f  goods   or
 performance  of  services, quality, accuracy or other  characteristics
 from  goods or services not so certified and registrable as such under
 Chapter  IX  in  respect of those goods or services in  the  name,  as
 proprietor of the certification trade ma k, of that person;
 
 (f) "Chairman" means the Chairman of the Appellate Board;
 
 (g)  "collective mark" means a trade mark distinguishing the goods  or
 services  of  members  of  an  association of  persons  (not  being  a
 partnership within the meaning of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932) (9
 of 1932) which is the proprietor of the mark from t ose of others;
 
 (h)  "deceptively  similar".-A mark shall be deemed to be  deceptively
 similar  to another mark if it so nearly resembles that other mark  as
 to be likely to deceive or cause confusion;
 
 (i) "false trade description" means-
 
 (I)  a  trade description which is untrue or misleading in a  material
 respect as regards the goods or services to which it is applied;  or
 
 (II)  any  alteration of a trade description as regards the  goods  or
 services  to  which  it  is  applied,  whether  by  way  of  addition,
 effacement  or otherwise, where that alteration makes the  description
 untrue or misleading in a material respect;  or
 
 (III)  any  trade description which denotes or implies that there  are
 con-  tained, as regards the goods to which it is applied, more  yards
 or  metres than there are contained therein standard yards or standard
 metres;  or
 
 (IV) any marks or arrangement or combination thereof when applied-
 
 (a)  to  goods  in such a manner as to be likely to  lead  persons  to
 believe  that  the  goods are the manufacture or merchandise  of  some
 person  other  than the person whose merchandise or  manufacture  they
 really are;
 
 (b)  in relation to services in such a manner as to be likely to  lead
 persons  to believe that the services are provided or rendered by some
 person other than the person whose services they really are;  or
 
 (V)  any  false  name  or initials of a person  applied  to  goods  or
 services  in  such  manner as if such name or initials  were  a  trade
 description in any case where the name or initials-
 
 (a) is or are not a trade mark or part of a trade mark;  and
 
 (b)  is  or are identical with or deceptively similar to the  name  or
 initials  of a person carrying on business in connection with goods or
 services  of  the same description or both and who has not  authorised
 the use of such name or initials;  and
 
 (c)  is  or are either the name or initials of a fictitious person  or
 some person not bona fide carrying on business in connection with such
 goods  or  services, and the fact that a trade description is a  trade
 mark  or part of a trade mark shall not prevent such trade description
 being a false trade description within the meaning of this Act;
 
 (j)  "goods"  means  anything  which  is   the  subject  of  trade  or
 manufacture;
 
 (k)  ''Judicial  Member''  means  a  Member  of  the  Appellate  Board
 appointed  as  such under this Act, and includes the Chairman and  the
 Vice-Chairman;
 
 (l)   "limitations"  (with  its   grammatical  variations)  means  any
 limitation  of the exclusive right to the use of a trade mark given by
 the  registration  of  a  person   as  proprietor  thereof,  including
 limitations  of  that right as to mode or area of use within I dia  or
 outside India;
 
 (m)  "mark"  includes a device, brand, heading, label,  ticket,  name,
 signature,  word,  letter,  numeral,  shape  of  goods,  packaging  or
 combination of colours or any combination thereof;
 
 (n)  "Member"  means  a Judicial Member or a Technical Member  of  the
 Appellate Board and includes the Chairman and the Vice-Chairman;
 
 (o) "name" includes any abbreviation of a name;
 
 (p)  "notify"  means to notify in the Trade Mark Journal published  by
 the Registrar;
 
 (q)  "package"  includes any case, box, container,  covering,  folder,
 receptacle,  vessel,  casket,  bottle, wrapper, label,  band,  ticket,
 reel, frame, capsule, cap, lid, stopper and cork;
 
 (r) "permitted use", in relation to a registered trade mark, means the
 use of trade mark-
 
 (i)  by  a registered user of the trade mark in relation to  goods  or
 services-
 
 (a) with which he is connected in the course of trade;  and
 
 (b) in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time
 being;  and
 
 (c) for which he is registered as registered user;  and
 
 (d)  which  complies with any conditions or limitations to  which  the
 registration of registered user is subject;  or
 
 (ii)  by a person other than the registered proprietor and  registered
 user in relation to goods or services-
 
 (a) with which he is connected in the course of trade;  and
 
 (b) in respect of which the trade mark remains registered for the time
 being;  and
 
 (c)  by consent of such registered proprietor in a written  agreement;
 and
 
 (d)  which  complies with any conditions or limitations to which  such
 user  is  subject and to which the registration of the trade  mark  is
 subject;
 
 (s) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act;
 
 (t)  "register"  means  the  Register of Trade Marks  referred  to  in
 sub-section (1) of section 6;
 
 (u)  "registered"  (with its grammatical variations) means  registered
 under this Act;
 
 (v)  "registered  proprietor", in relation to a trade mark, means  the
 person for the time being entered in the register as proprietor of the
 trade mark;
 
 (w)  "registered  trade mark" means a trade mark which is actually  on
 the register and remaining in force;
 
 (x)  "registered  user"  means  a person who is  for  the  time  being
 registered as such under section 49;
 
 (y)  "Registrar"  means  the Registrar of Trade Marks referred  to  in
 section 3;
 
 (z) "service" means service of any description which is made available
 to  potential  users  and  includes   the  provision  of  services  in
 connection  with business of any industrial or commercial matters such
 as  banking,  communication,  education, financing,  i  surance,  chit
 funds,   real   estate,  transport,   storage,   material   treatment,
 processing,  supply of electrical or other energy, boarding,  lodging,
 entertainment,  amusement, construction, repair, conveying of news  or
 information and advertising;
 
 (za)  "trade  description" means any description, statement  or  other
 indication, direct or indirect,-
 
 (i) as to the number, quantity, measure, guage or weight of any goods;
 or
 
 (ii)  as to the standard of quality of any goods or services according
 to a classification commonly used or recognised in the trade;  or
 
 (iii)  as  to  fitness  for  the  purpose,  strength,  performance  or
 behaviour  of  any  goods, being "drug" as defined in  the  Drugs  and
 Cosmetics  Act,  1940  (23  of  1940), or "food"  as  defined  in  the
 Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (37 of 1954);  or
 
 (iv)  as  to  the place or country in which or the time at  which  any
 goods or services were made, produced or provided, as the case may be;
 or
 
 (v)  as to the name and address or other indication of the identity of
 the  manufacturer  or of the person providing the services or  of  the
 person  for whom the goods are manufactured or services are  provided;
 or
 
 (vi) as to the mode of manufacture or producing any goods or providing
 services;  or
 
 (vii) as to the material of which any goods are composed;  or
 
 (viii)  as  to  any  goods being the subject of  an  existing  patent,
 privilege or copyright, and includes-
 
 (a)  any description as to the use of any mark which according to  the
 custom  of  the trade is commonly taken to be an indication of any  of
 the above matters;
 
 (b)  the description as to any imported goods contained in any bill of
 entry or shipping bill;
 
 (c)  any  other  description which is likely to  be  misunderstood  or
 mistaken for all or any of the said matters;
 
 (zb)   "trade  mark"  means  a   mark  capable  of  being  represented
 graphically  and  which  is  capable of distinguishing  the  goods  or
 services  of one person from those of others and may include shape  of
 goods, their packaging and combination of colours;  and-
 
 (i)  in relation to Chapter XII (other than section 107), a registered
 trade  mark  or a mark used in relation to goods or services  for  the
 purpose  of indicating or so as to indicate a connection in the course
 of  trade  between the goods or services, as the ase may be, and  some
 person having the right as proprietor to use the mark;  and
 
 (ii)  in  relation  to other provisions of this Act, a  mark  used  or
 proposed  to be used in relation to goods or services for the  purpose
 of  indicating  or so to indicate a connection in the course of  trade
 between  the  goods or services, as the case may be, a d  some  person
 having the right, either as proprietor or by way of permitted user, to
 use the mark whether with or without any indication of the identity of
 that  person,  and includes a certification trade mark  or  collective
 mark;
 
 (zc) "transmission" means transmission by operation of law, devolution
 on the personal representative of a deceased person and any other mode
 of transfer, not being assignment;
 
 (zd) ''Technical Member'' means a Member who is not a Judicial Member;
 
 (ze)  "tribunal"  means  the  Registrar or, as the case  may  be,  the
 Appellate Board, before which the proceeding concerned is pending;
 
 (zf) "Vice-Chairman" means a Vice-Chairman of the Appellate Board;
 
 (zg)  "well-known trade mark" , in relation to any goods or  services,
 means  a  mark which has become so to the substantial segment  of  the
 public which uses such goods or receives such services that the use of
 such  mark in relation to other goods or service would be likely to be
 taken  as indicating a connection in the course of trade or  rendering
 of  services  between those goods or services and a person  using  the
 mark in relation to the first-mentioned goods or services.
 
 (2) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, any reference-
 
 (a)  to  "trade mark" shall include reference to "collective mark"  or
 "certification trade mark";
 
 (b)  to the use of a mark shall be construed as a reference to the use
 of printed or other visual representation of the mark;
 
 (c) to the use of a mark,-
 
 (i) in relation to goods, shall be construed as a reference to the use
 of  the  mark  upon,  or  in any physical or  in  any  other  relation
 whatsoever, to such goods;
 
 (ii) in relation to services, shall be construed as a reference to the
 use of the mark as or as part of any statement about the availability,
 provision or performance of such services;
 
 (d)  to  the Registrar shall be construed as including a reference  to
 any  officer  when  discharging  the functions  of  the  Registrar  in
 pursuance of sub-section (2) of section 3;
 
 (e)  to  the  Trade Marks Registry shall be construed as  including  a
 reference to any office of the Trade Marks Registry.
 
 (3)  For  the purposes of this Act, goods and services are  associated
 with  each  other  if it is likely that those goods might be  sold  or
 otherwise  traded in and those services might be provided by the  same
 business  and  so  with  descriptions of goods  and  desc  iptions  of
 services.
 
 (4)  For  the purposes of this Act, "existing registered  trade  mark"
 means  a  trade mark registered under the Trade and Merchandise  Marks
 Act,  1958  (43 of 1958) immediately before the commencement  of  this
 Act.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 THE REGISTER AND CONDITIONS FOR REGISTRATION
 
 
 CHAPTER II
 
 THE REGISTER AND CONDITIONS FOR REGISTRATION
 
 
 3.
 
 Appointment of Reistrar and other officers.
 
 
 3.   Appointment  of  Registrar and other  officers.-(1)  The  Central
 Government  may,  by notification in the Official Gazette,  appoint  a
 person  to be known as the Controller-General of Patents, Designs  and
 Trade  Marks,  who  shall  be the Registrar of  Trade  Marks  for  the
 purposes of this Act.
 
 (2)  The Central Government may appoint such other officers with  such
 designations  as  it thinks fit for the purpose of discharging,  under
 the  superintendence and direction of the Registrar, such functions of
 the  Registrar  under this Act as he may from ti e to  time  authorise
 them to discharge.
 
 
 4.
 
 Power of Reistrar to withdraw or transfer cases, etc.
 
 
 4.   Power  of Registrar to withdraw or transfer  cases,  etc.-Without
 prejudice  to  the generality of the provisions of sub-section (2)  of
 section  3, the Registrar may, by order in writing and for reasons  to
 be  recorded  therein, withdraw any matter pending be ore  an  officer
 appointed  under  the said sub-section (2) and deal with  such  matter
 himself  either  de  novo  or from the stage it was  so  withdrawn  or
 transfer  the same to another officer so appointed who may, subject to
 special  directions in the order of tra sfer, proceed with the  matter
 either de novo or from the stage it was so transferred.
 
 
 5.
 
 Trade Marks Registry and offices thereof.
 
 
 5.   Trade Marks Registry and offices thereof.-(1) For the purposes of
 this  Act,  there shall be a trade marks registry and the Trade  Marks
 Registry  established under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act,  1958
 (43 of 1958) shall be the Trade Marks Registry u der this Act.
 
 (2) The head office of the Trade Marks Registry shall be at such place
 as  the  Central  Government  may  specify, and  for  the  purpose  of
 facilitating the registration of trade marks, there may be established
 at  such places as the Central Government may think fit branch offices
 of the Trade Marks Registry.
 
 (3)  The  Central  Government  may, by notification  in  the  Official
 Gazette,  define the territorial limits within which an office of  the
 Trade Marks Registry may exercise its functions.
 
 (4) There shall be a seal of the Trade Marks Registry.
 
 
 6.
 
 The Register of Trade Marks.
 
 
 6.   The Register of Trade Marks.-(1) For the purposes of this Act,  a
 record  called  the Register of Trade Marks shall be kept at the  head
 office  of  the  Trade Marks Registry, wherein shall  be  entered  all
 registered trade marks with the names, addresses and escription of the
 proprietors, notifications of assignment and transmissions, the names,
 addresses   and   descriptions  of   registered   users,   conditions,
 limitations  and such other matter relating to registered trade  marks
 as may be prescribed.
 
 (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), it shall be
 lawful  for  the  Registrar to keep the records wholly  or  partly  in
 computer floppies diskattes or in any other electronic form subject to
 such safeguards as may be prescribed.
 
 (3)  Where  such register is maintained wholly or partly  on  computer
 under  sub-section  (2)  any  reference in this Act to  entry  in  the
 register  shall  be  construed  as  the  reference  to  any  entry  as
 maintained on computer or in any other electronic form.
 
 (4)  No notice of any trust, express or implied or constructive, shall
 be  entered in the register and no such notice shall be receivable  by
 the Registrar.
 
 (5) The register shall be kept under the control and management of the
 Registrar.
 
 (6)  There  shall  be kept at each branch office of  the  Trade  Marks
 Registry  a  copy  of  the register and such of  the  other  documents
 mentioned   in  section  148  as   the  Central  Government  may,   by
 notification in the Official Gazette, direct.
 
 (7)  The Register of Trade Marks, both Part A and Part B, existing  at
 the  commencement of this Act, shall be incorporated in and form  part
 of the register under this Act.
 
 
 7.
 
 Classification of goods and services.
 
 
 7.   Classification  of  goods and services.-(1) The  Registrar  shall
 classify  goods and services, as far as may be, in accordance with the
 International classification of goods and services for the purposes of
 registration of trade marks.
 
 (2)  Any  question arising as to the class within which any  goods  or
 services  falls  shall be determined by the Registrar  whose  decision
 shall be final.
 
 
 8.
 
 Publication of alphabetical index.
 
 
 8.   Publication of alphabetical index.-(1) The Registrar may  publish
 in  the  prescribed manner an alphabetical index of classification  of
 goods and services referred to in section 7.
 
 (2)  Where any goods or services are not specified in the alphabetical
 index  of  goods  and services published under  sub-section  (1),  the
 classification  of  goods  or  services shall  be  determined  by  the
 Registrar in accordance with sub-section (2) of section .
 
 
 9.
 
 Absolute grounds for refusal of registration.
 
 
 9.  Absolute grounds for refusal of registration.-(1) The trade marks-
 
 (a) which are devoid of any distinctive character, that is to say, not
 capable  of  distinguishing the goods or services of one  person  from
 those of another person;
 
 (b)  which consist exclusively of marks or indications which may serve
 in  trade to designate the kind, quality, quantity, intended  purpose,
 values,  geographical origin or the time of production of the goods or
 rendering  of  the  service or other characteris ics of the  goods  or
 service;
 
 (c)  which  consist  exclusively of marks or  indications  which  have
 become  customary  in  the current language or in the  bona  fide  and
 established practices of the trade, shall not be registered:
 
 Provided that a trade mark shall not be refused registration if before
 the date of application for registration it has acquired a distinctive
 character  as a result of the use made of it or is a well-known  trade
 mark.
 
 (2) A mark shall not be registered as a trade mark if-
 
 (a) it is of such nature as to deceive the public or cause confusion;
 
 (b)  it  contains  or  comprises  of any matter  likely  to  hurt  the
 religious  susceptibilities of any class or section of the citizens of
 India;
 
 (c) it comprises or contains scandalous or obscene matter;
 
 (d)  its use is prohibited under the Emblems and Names (Prevention  of
 Improper Use) Act, 1950 (12 of 1950).
 
 (3)  A  mark  shall not be registered as a trade mark if  it  consists
 exclusively of-
 
 (a)  the  shape  of goods which results from the nature of  the  goods
 themselves;  or
 
 (b)  the  shape  of  goods which is necessary to  obtain  a  technical
 result;  or
 
 (c) the shape which gives substantial value to the goods.
 
 Explanation.-For  the purposes of this section, the nature of goods or
 services in relation to which the trade mark is used or proposed to be
 used shall not be a ground for refusal of registration.
 
 
 10.
 
 Limitation as to colour.
 
 
 10.   Limitation as to colour.-(1) A trade mark may be limited  wholly
 or in part to any combination of colours and any such limitation shall
 be  taken  into consideration by the tribunal having to decide on  the
 distinctive character of the trade mark.
 
 (2) So far as a trade mark is registered without limitation of colour,
 it shall be deemed to be registered for all colours.
 
 
 11.
 
 Relative grounds for refusal of registration.
 
 
 11.   Relative  grounds  for  refusal  of  registration.-(1)  Save  as
 provided  in  section  12, a trade mark shall not  be  registered  if,
 because of-
 
 (a) its identity with an earlier trade mark and similarity of goods or
 services covered by the trade mark;  or
 
 (b)  its  similarity  to  an earlier trade mark and  the  identity  or
 similarity  of the goods or services covered by the trade mark,  there
 exists  a  likelihood  of confusion on the part of the  public,  which
 includes the likelihood of association with the earlier trade mark.
 
 (2) A trade mark which-
 
 (a) is identical with or similar to an earlier trade mark;  and
 
 (b) is to be registered for goods or services which are not similar to
 those  for which the earlier trade mark is registered in the name of a
 different  proprietor, shall not be registered if or to the extent the
 earlier  trade mark is a well-known trade mark in India and the use of
 the  later mark without due cause would take unfair advantage of or be
 detrimental to the distinctive character or repute of the earlier rade
 mark.
 
 (3)  A  trade mark shall not be registered if, or to the extent  that,
 its use in India is liable to be prevented-
 
 (a)  by  virtue  of  any  law in particular the  law  of  passing  off
 protecting an unregistered trade mark used in the course of trade;  or
 
 (b) by virtue of law of copyright.
 
 (4)  Nothing in this section shall prevent the registration of a trade
 mark  where the proprietor of the earlier trade mark or other  earlier
 right consents to the registration, and in such case the Registrar may
 register the mark under special circumstance under section 12.
 
 Explanation.-For  the  purposes  of this section, earlier  trade  mark
 means-
 
 (a)  a registered trade mark or convention application referred to  in
 section  154 which has a date of application earlier than that of  the
 trade  mark  in  question, taking account, where appropriate,  of  the
 priorities claimed in respect of the trade marks;
 
 (b)  a  trade  mark  which,  on   the  date  of  the  application  for
 registration  of the trade mark in question, or where appropriate,  of
 the  priority  claimed in respect of the application, was entitled  to
 protection as a well-known trade mark.
 
 (5)  A  trade  mark shall not be refused registration on  the  grounds
 specified  in sub-sections (2) and (3), unless objection on any one or
 more  of  those  grounds is raised in opposition  proceedings  by  the
 proprietor of the earlier trade mark.
 
 (6)  The Registrar shall, while determining whether a trade mark is  a
 well-known  trade mark, take into account any fact which he  considers
 relevant  for  determining  a trade mark as a  well-known  trade  mark
 including-
 
 (i)  the  knowledge or recognition of that trade mark in the  relevant
 section  of  the  public including knowledge in India  obtained  as  a
 result of promotion of the trade mark;
 
 (ii)  the  duration, extent and geographical area of any use  of  that
 trade mark;
 
 (iii)  the duration, extent and geographical area of any promotion  of
 the  trade mark, including advertising or publicity and  presentation,
 at  fairs  or exhibition of the goods or services to which  the  trade
 mark applies;
 
 (iv)  the duration and geographical area of any registration of or any
 application  for registration of that trade mark under this Act to the
 extent they reflect the use or recognition of the trade mark;
 
 (v)  the record of successful enforcement of the rights in that  trade
 mark,  in  particular,  the extent to which the trade  mark  has  been
 recognised  as a well-known trade mark by any court or Registrar under
 that record.
 
 (7)  The Registrar shall, while determining as to whether a trade mark
 is  known  or recognised in a relevant section of the public  for  the
 purposes of sub-section (6), take into account-
 
 (i)  the  number  of  actual or potential consumers of  the  goods  or
 services;
 
 (ii) the number of persons involved in the channels of distribution of
 the goods or services;
 
 (iii)  the  business  circles dealing with the goods or  services,  to
 which that trade mark applies.
 
 (8)  Where  a  trade mark has been determined to be well-known  in  at
 least  one  relevant  section of the public in India by any  court  or
 Registrar,  the  Registrar  shall  consider   that  trade  mark  as  a
 well-known trade mark for registration under this Act.
 
 (9)  The  Registrar shall not require as a condition, for  determining
 whether a trade mark is a well-known trade mark, any of the following,
 namely:-
 
 (i) that the trade mark has been used in India;
 
 (ii) that the trade mark has been registered;
 
 (iii) that the application for registration of the trade mark has been
 filed in India;
 
 (iv) that the trade mark-
 
 (a) is well-known in;  or
 
 (b) has been registered in;  or
 
 (c) in respect of which an application for registration has been filed
 in, any jurisdiction other than India;  or
 
 (v) that the trade mark is well-known to the public at large in India.
 
 (10) While considering an application for registration of a trade mark
 and opposition filed in respect thereof, the Registrar shall-
 
 (i)  protect a well-known trade mark against the identical or  similar
 trade marks;
 
 (ii)  take  into  consideration the bad faith involved either  of  the
 applicant  or  the opponent affecting the right relating to the  trade
 mark.
 
 (11)  Where a trade mark has been registered in good faith  disclosing
 the  material informations to the Registrar or where right to a  trade
 mark  has  been  acquired  through  use   in  good  faith  before  the
 commencement of this Act, then, nothing in this Act shal prejudice the
 validity  of the registration of that trade mark or right to use  that
 trade  mark  on the ground that such trade mark is identical  with  or
 similar to a well-known trade mark.
 
 
 12.
 
 Registration in the case of honest concurrent use, etc.
 
 
 12.   Registration  in the case of honest concurrent use, etc.-In  the
 case  of honest concurrent use or of other special circumstances which
 in  the  opinion  of the Registrar, make it proper so to  do,  he  may
 permit the registration by more than one proprietor of the trade marks
 which are identical or similar (whether any such trade mark is already
 registered  or  not)  in  respect  of the same  or  similar  goods  or
 services,  subject to such conditions and limitations, if any, as  the
 Registrar may think fit to impose
 
 
 13.
 
 Prohibition of registration of names of chemical elements orinternational
 non-proprietary names.
 
 
 13.   Prohibition  of  registration of names of chemical  elements  or
 international non-proprietary names.-No word-
 
 (a)  which  is  the  commonly used and accepted  name  of  any  single
 chemical  element  or any single chemical compound  (as  distinguished
 from a mixture) in respect of a chemical substance or preparation, or
 
 (b) which is declared by the World Health Organisation and notified in
 the  prescribed  manner  by  the Registrar from time to  time,  as  an
 international non- proprietary name or which is deceptively similar to
 such  name,  shall  be  registered  as  a  trade  mark  and  any  such
 registration  shall  be deemed for the purpose of section 57 to be  an
 entry  made  in  the  register without sufficient cause  or  an  entry
 wrongly remaining on the register, as the circumstances may require.
 
 
 14.
 
 Use of names and representations of living persons or personsrecently dead.
 
 
 14.   Use  of names and representations of living persons  or  persons
 recently  dead.-Where an application is made for the registration of a
 trade mark which falsely suggests a connection with any living person,
 or  a  person whose death took place within twen y years prior to  the
 date  of application for registration of the trade mark, the Registrar
 may, before he proceeds with the application, require the applicant to
 furnish  him with the consent in writing of such living person or,  as
 the case may be, of the legal representative of the deceased person to
 the  connection appearing on the trade mark, and may refuse to proceed
 with the application unless the applicant furnishes the registrar with
 such consent.
 
 
 15.
 
 Registration of parts of trade marks and of trade marks as a series.
 
 
 15.   Registration  of  parts of trade marks and of trade marks  as  a
 series.-(1) Where the proprietor of a trade mark claims to be entitled
 to  the exclusive use of any part thereof separately, he may apply  to
 register the whole and the part as separate trad marks.
 
 (2)  Each  such separate trade mark shall satisfy all  the  conditions
 applying to and have all the incidents of, an independent trade mark.
 
 (3)  Where  a  person claiming to be the proprietor of  several  trade
 marks  in  respect  of  the  same or  similar  goods  or  services  or
 description  of  goods  or  description   of  services,  which,  while
 resembling  each other in the material particulars thereof, yet d ffer
 in respect of-
 
 (a)  statement of the goods or services in relation to which they  are
 respectively used or proposed to be used;  or
 
 (b) statement of number, price, quality or names of places;  or
 
 (c)  other  matter  of  a non-distinctive  character  which  does  not
 substantially affect the identity of the trade mark;  or
 
 (d) colour,
 
 seeks  to  register  those trade marks, they may be  registered  as  a
 series in one registration.
 
 
 16.
 
 Registration of trade marks as associated trade marks.
 
 
 16.   Registration of trade marks as associated trade marks.-(1) Where
 a  trade mark which is registered, or is the subject of an application
 for  registration,  in respect of any goods or services  is  identical
 with  another  trade mark which is registered, or s the subject of  an
 application  for  registration, in the name of the same proprietor  in
 respect  of the same goods or description of goods or same services or
 description  of services or so nearly resembles it as to be likely  to
 deceive  or  cause  confusion  f  used by  a  person  other  than  the
 proprietor,  the  Registrar may, at any time, require that  the  trade
 marks shall be entered on the register as associated trade marks.
 
 (2)  Where there is an identity or near resemblance of marks that  are
 registered, or are the subject of applications for registration in the
 name  of  the same proprietor, in respect of goods and in  respect  of
 services  which  are  associated  with those goods  r  goods  of  that
 description  and with those services or services of that  description,
 sub-section  (1)  shall  apply  as it applies as  where  there  is  an
 identity  or near resemblance of marks that are registered, or are the
 subject  of  applications  for registra ion, in the name of  the  same
 proprietor  in  respect of the same goods or description of  goods  or
 same services or description of services.
 
 (3)  Where  a trade mark and any part thoreof are, in accordance  with
 the  provisions  of  sub-section  (1) of  section  15,  registered  as
 separate trade marks in the name of the same proprietor, they shall be
 deemed to be, and shall be registered as, associated trade marks.
 
 (4)  All  trade marks registered in accordance with the provisions  of
 sub-section (3) of section 15 as a series in one registration shall be
 deemed to be, and shall be registered as, associated trade marks.
 
 (5)  On  application made in the prescribed manner by  the  registered
 proprietor  of two or more trade marks registered as associated  trade
 marks,  the Registrar may dissolve the association as respects any  of
 them if he is satisfied that there would be no li elihood of deception
 or  confusion  being caused if that trade mark were used by any  other
 person  in relation to any of the goods or services or both in respect
 of which it is registered, and may amend the register accordingly.
 
 
 17.
 
 Effect of registration of parts of a mark.
 
 
 17.   Effect of registration of parts of a mark.-(1) When a trade mark
 consists  of  several  matters, its registration shall confer  on  the
 proprietor  exclusive  right to the use of the trade mark taken  as  a
 whole.
 
 (2)  Notwithstanding  anything  contained in sub-section (1),  when  a
 trade mark-
 
 (a) contains any part-
 
 (i)  which  is  not  the  subject of a  separate  application  by  the
 proprietor for registration as a trade mark;  or
 
 (ii)  which is not separately registered by the proprietor as a  trade
 mark;  or
 
 (b)  contains any matter which is common to the trade or is  otherwise
 of  a  non-distinctive character, the registration thereof  shall  not
 confer  any  exclusive right in the matter forming only a part of  the
 whole of the trade mark so registered.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 PROCEDURE FOR AND DURATION OF REGISTRATION
 
 
 CHAPTER III
 
 PROCEDURE FOR AND DURATION OF REGISTRATION
 
 
 18.
 
 Application for registration.
 
 
 18.   Application for registration.-(1) Any person claiming to be  the
 proprietor  of a trade mark used or proposed to be used by him, who is
 desirous of registering it, shall apply in writing to the Registrar in
 the prescribed manner for the registration o his trade mark.
 
 (2)  A single application may be made for registration of a trade mark
 for  different classes of goods and services and fee payable  therefor
 shall be in respect of each such class of goods or services.
 
 (3)  Every  application  under sub-section (1) shall be filed  in  the
 office of the Trade Marks Registry within whose territorial limits the
 principal  place of business in India of the applicant or in the  case
 of  joint  applicants the principal place of busi ess in India of  the
 applicant whose name is first mentioned in the application as having a
 place  of  business  in India, is situate:  Provided  that  where  the
 applicant or any of the joint applicants does not carry on business in
 India, the application shall be filed in the office of the Trade Marks
 Registry  within  whose territorial limits the place mentioned in  the
 address  for  service  n  India as disclosed in  the  application,  is
 situate.
 
 (4)  Subject  to the provisions of this Act, the Registrar may  refuse
 the  application  or  may  accept it absolutely  or  subject  to  such
 amendments,  modifications,  conditions or limitations, if any, as  he
 may think fit.
 
 (5)  In  the  case  of  a refusal  or  conditional  acceptance  of  an
 application,  the  Registrar shall record in writing the  grounds  for
 such  refusal or conditional acceptance and the materials used by  him
 in arriving at his decision.
 
 
 19.
 
 Withdrawal of acceptance.
 
 
 19.   Withdrawal  of  acceptance.-Where, after the  acceptance  of  an
 application   for  registration  of  a   trade  mark  but  before  its
 registration, the Registrar is satisfied-
 
 (a) that the application has been accepted in error;  or
 
 (b) that in the circumstances of the case the trade mark should not be
 registered   or  should  be  registered   subject  to  conditions   or
 limitations  or  to  conditions additional to or  different  from  the
 conditions  or  limitations subject to which the application has  been
 accepted,
 
 the  Registrar  may,  after hearing the applicant if  he  so  desires,
 withdraw the acceptance and proceed as if the application had not been
 accepted.
 
 
 20.
 
 Advertisement of application.
 
 
 20.   Advertisement  of  application.-(1)   When  an  application  for
 registration  of a trade mark has been accepted, whether absolutely or
 subject  to conditions or limitations, the Registrar shall, as soon as
 may  be  after acceptance, cause the application as ac epted  together
 with  the  conditions or limitations, if any, subject to which it  has
 been accepted, to be advertised in the prescribed manner:
 
 Provided that the Registrar may cause the application to be advertised
 before  acceptance if it relates to a trade mark to which  sub-section
 (1)  of section 9 and sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 11 apply, or
 in  any  other  case where it appears to him th t it is  expedient  by
 reason of any exceptional circumstances so to do.
 
 (2) Where-
 
 (a)  an  application  has  been  advertised  before  acceptance  under
 sub-section (1);  or
 
 (b) after advertisement of an application,-
 
 (i) an error in the application has been corrected;  or
 
 (ii)  the  application has been permitted to be amended under  section
 22,
 
 the  Registrar  may  in  his discretion cause the  application  to  be
 advertised  again or in any case falling under clause (b) may, instead
 of  causing  the  application to be advertised again,  notify  in  the
 prescribed manner the correction or amendment made in t e application.
 
 
 21.
 
 Opposition to registration.
 
 
 21.   Opposition  to  registration.-(1) Any person may,  within  three
 months  from  the date of the advertisement or re-advertisement of  an
 application  for  registration  or  within such  further  period,  not
 exceeding  one month in the aggregate, as the Registrar, o application
 made  to him in the prescribed manner and on payment of the prescribed
 fee,  allows,  give notice in writing in the prescribed manner to  the
 Registrar, of opposition to the registration.
 
 (2)  The  Registrar shall serve a copy of the notice on the  applicant
 for  registration  and,  within  two months from the  receipt  by  the
 applicant  of  such  copy of the notice of opposition,  the  applicant
 shall   send  to  the  Registrar  in   the  prescribed  manner   a   c
 unter-statement of the grounds on which he relies for his application,
 and  if  he  does not do so he shall be deemed to have  abandoned  his
 application.
 
 (3) If the applicant sends such counter-statement, the Registrar shall
 serve a copy thereof on the person giving notice of opposition.
 
 (4)  Any  evidence upon which the opponent and the applicant may  rely
 shall  be submitted in the prescribed manner and within the prescribed
 time  to the Registrar, and the Registrar shall give an opportunity to
 them to be heard, if they so desire.
 
 (5)  The  Registrar shall, after hearing the parties, if so  required,
 and  considering  the  evidence, decide whether and  subject  to  what
 conditions  or  limitations,  if  any,   the  registration  is  to  be
 permitted,  and  may take into account a ground of objection  w  ether
 relied upon by the opponent or not.
 
 (6) Where a person giving notice of opposition or an applicant sending
 a  counter-statement  after receipt of a copy of such  notice  neither
 resides  nor  carries on business in India, the Registrar may  require
 him  to  give security for the costs of proceeding before him, and  in
 default of such security being duly given, may treat the opposition or
 application, as the case may be, as abandoned.
 
 (7)  The Registrar may, on request, permit correction of any error in,
 or  any amendment of, a notice of opposition or a counter-statement on
 such terms as he thinks just.
 
 
 22.
 
 Correction and amendment.
 
 
 22.   Correction and amendment.-The Registrar may, on such terms as he
 thinks  just,  at any time, whether before or after acceptance  of  an
 application  for registration under section 18, permit the  correction
 of  any  error in or in connection with the applica ion or  permit  an
 amendment of the application:
 
 Provided that if an amendment is made to a single application referred
 to  in  sub-section  (2)  of section 18  involving  division  of  such
 application  into two or more applications, the date of making of  the
 divided  applications so divided.  initial application shall be deemed
 to be the date f making of the
 
 
 23.
 
 Registration.
 
 
 23.   Registration.-(1) Subject to the provisions of section 19,  when
 an  application for registration of a trade mark has been accepted and
 either-
 
 (a)  the  application has not been opposed and the time for notice  of
 opposition has expired;  or
 
 (b)  the  application  has been opposed and the  opposition  has  been
 decided  in  favour of the applicant, the Registrar shall, unless  the
 Central Government otherwise directs, register the said trade mark and
 the  trade mark when registered shall be registered as of the date  of
 the making of the said application and that date shall, subject to the
 provisions f section 154, be deemed to be the date of registration.
 
 (2)  On the registration of a trade mark, the Registrar shall issue to
 the applicant a certificate in the prescribed form of the registration
 thereof, sealed with the seal of the Trade Marks Registry.
 
 (3)  Where registration of a trade mark is not completed within twelve
 months  from  the date of the application by reason of default on  the
 part  of the applicant, the Registrar may, after giving notice to  the
 applicant in the prescribed manner, treat the a plication as abandoned
 unless it is completed within the time specified in that behalf in the
 notice.
 
 (4)  The  Registrar  may  amend  the  register  or  a  certificate  of
 registration  for  the  purpose of correcting a clerical error  or  an
 obvious mistake.
 
 
 24.
 
 Jointly owned trade marks.
 
 
 24.   Jointly  owned trade marks.-(1) Save as provided in  sub-section
 (2),  nothing  in this Act shall authorise the registration of two  or
 more  persons who use a trade mark independently, or propose so to use
 it, as joint proprietors thereof.
 
 (2)  Where  the relations between two or more persons interested in  a
 trade mark are such that no one of them is entitled as between himself
 and the other or others of them to use it except-
 
 (a) on behalf of both or all of them;  or
 
 (b)  in  relation to an article or service with which both or  all  of
 them  are  connected  in  the course of trade, those  persons  may  be
 registered  as joint proprietors of the trade mark, and this Act shall
 have  effect  in relation to any rights to the use of the  trade  mark
 vested in those persons as if those rights had been vested in a single
 person.
 
 
 25.
 
 Duration, renewal, removal and restoration of registration.
 
 
 25.   Duration, renewal, removal and restoration of  registration.-(1)
 The  registration of a trade mark, after the commencement of this Act,
 shall  be  for a period of ten years, but may be renewed from time  to
 time in accordance with the provisions of this s ction.
 
 (2)  The  Registrar  shall,  on application  made  by  the  registered
 proprietor  of  a trade mark in the prescribed manner and  within  the
 prescribed  period and subject to payment of the prescribed fee, renew
 the  registration of the trade mark for a period of ten years from the
 date of expiration of the original registration or of the last renewal
 of  registration,  as the case may be (which date is in  this  section
 referred to as the expiration of the last registration).
 
 (3)  At  the  prescribed  time  before  the  expiration  of  the  last
 registration  of  a trade mark the Registrar shall send notice in  the
 prescribed  manner  to  the  registered  proprietor  of  the  date  of
 which  a  renewal  of  registration may be obtained, and,  if  at  the
 expiration of the time prescribed in that behalf those conditions have
 not  been  duly complied with the Registrar may remove the trade  mark
 from  the  register:  expiration and the conditions as to  payment  of
 fees  and otherwi e upon Provided that the Registrar shall not  remove
 the  trade  mark  from the register if an application is made  in  the
 prescribed  form  and the prescribed fee and surcharge is paid  within
 six  months from the expiration of the last registration of the  trade
 mark  a d shall renew the registration of the trade mark for a  period
 of ten years under sub-section (2).
 
 (4)  Where  a  trade  mark  has been removed  from  the  register  for
 non-payment  of  the  prescribed fee, the Registrar shall,  after  six
 months  and  within  one  year  from   the  expiration  of  the   last
 registration  of  the trade mark, on receipt of an application in  the
 prescribed  form  and on payment of the prescribed fee,  if  satisfied
 that  it is just so to do, restore the trade mark to the register  and
 renew  the registration of the trade mark either generally or  subject
 to  such  conditions or limitations as he thinks fi to impose,  for  a
 period of ten years from the expiration of the last registration.
 
 
 26.
 
 Effect of removal from register for failure to pay fee for renewal.
 
 
 26.   Effect  of  removal  from register for failure to  pay  fee  for
 renewal.-Where  a  trade mark has been removed from the  register  for
 failure  to  pay the fee for renewal, it shall nevertheless,  for  the
 purpose  of any application for the registration of anothe trade  mark
 during one year, next after the date of the removal, be deemed to be a
 trade  mark already on the register, unless the tribunal is  satisfied
 either-
 
 (a) that there has been no bona fide trade use of the trade mark which
 has  been  removed  during  the two years  immediately  preceding  its
 removal;  or
 
 (b)  that no deception or confusion would be likely to arise from  the
 use  of  the  trade mark which is the subject of the  application  for
 registration by reason of any previous use of the trade mark which has
 been removed.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 EFFECT OF REGISTRATION
 
 
 CHAPTER IV
 
 EFFECT OF REGISTRATION
 
 
 27.
 
 No action for infringement of unregistered trade mark.
 
 
 27.   No  action for infringement of unregistered trade  mark.-(1)  No
 person shall be entitled to institute any proceeding to prevent, or to
 recover damages for, the infringement of an unregistered trade mark.
 
 (2)  Nothing  in this Act shall be deemed to affect rights  of  action
 against  any person for passing off goods or services as the goods  of
 another  person  or  as services provided by another  person,  or  the
 remedies in respect thereof.
 
 
 28.
 
 Rights conferred by registration.
 
 
 28.   Rights  conferred  by  registration.-(1) Subject  to  the  other
 provisions  of  this Act, the registration of a trade mark  shall,  if
 valid,  give  to  the  registered proprietor of  the  trade  mark  the
 exclusive  right to the use of the trade mark in relation to t e goods
 or  services  in respect of which the trade mark is registered and  to
 obtain  relief  in  respect of infringement of the trade mark  in  the
 manner provided by this Act.
 
 (2)  The  exclusive  right  to the use of a  trade  mark  given  under
 sub-section  (1) shall be subject to any conditions and limitations to
 which the registration is subject.
 
 (3)  Where  two  or more persons are registered proprietors  of  trade
 marks,  which  are identical with or nearly resemble each  other,  the
 exclusive  right  to  the use of any of those trade  marks  shall  not
 conditions  or limitations entered on the register) be deemed to  have
 been  acquired  by  any one of those persons as against any  other  of
 those  persons  merely by registration of the trade marks but each  of
 those persons has otherwise the same rights as (except so far as their
 respective  rights are subject to any gainst other persons (not  being
 registered users using by way of permitted use) as he would have if he
 were the sole registered proprietor.
 
 
 29.
 
 Infringement of registered trade marks.
 
 
 29.   Infringement  of registered trade marks.-(1) A registered  trade
 mark  is infringed by a person who, not being a registered  proprietor
 or  a  person  using by way of permitted use, uses in  the  course  of
 trade,  a mark which is identical with, or deceptively similar to, the
 trade  mark  in relation to goods or services in respect of which  the
 trade  mark  is registered and in such manner as to render the use  of
 the mark likely to be taken as being used as a trade mark.
 
 (2)  A registered trade mark is infringed by a person who, not being a
 registered  proprietor or a person using by way of permitted use, uses
 in the course of trade, a mark which because of-
 
 (a)  its identity with the registered trade mark and the similarity of
 the goods or services covered by such registered trade mark;  or
 
 (b)  its  similarity to the registered trade mark and the identity  or
 similarity  of the goods or services covered by such registered  trade
 mark;  or
 
 (c)  its  identity with the registered trade mark and the identity  of
 the goods or services covered by such registered trade mark, is likely
 to  cause  confusion on the part of the public, or which is likely  to
 have an association with the registered trade mark.
 
 (3) In any case falling under clause (c) of sub-section (2), the court
 shall  presume that it is likely to cause confusion on the part of the
 public.
 
 (4)  A registered trade mark is infringed by a person who, not being a
 registered  proprietor or a person using by way of permitted use, uses
 in the course of trade, a mark which-
 
 (a) is identical with or similar to the registered trade mark;  and
 
 (b)  is used in relation to goods or services which are not similar to
 those for which the trade mark is registered;  and
 
 (c) the registered trade mark has a reputation in India and the use of
 the mark without due cause takes unfair advantage of or is detrimental
 to, the distinctive character or repute of the registered trade mark.
 
 (5)  A registered trade mark is infringed by a person if he uses  such
 registered trade mark, as his trade name or part of his trade name, or
 name  of  his  business concern or part of the name, of  his  business
 concern dealing in goods or services in respect f which the trade mark
 is registered.
 
 (6) For the purposes of this section, a person uses a registered mark,
 if, in particular, he-
 
 (a) affixes it to goods or the packaging thereof;
 
 (b)  offers  or  exposes goods for sale, puts them on the  market,  or
 stocks  them  for those purposes under the registered trade  mark,  or
 offers or supplies services under the registered trade mark;
 
 (c) imports or exports goods under the mark;  or
 
 (d)  uses  the  registered  trade  mark   on  business  papers  or  in
 advertising.
 
 (7)  A registered trade mark is infringed by a person who applies such
 registered  trade mark to a material intended to be used for labelling
 or  packaging goods, as a business paper, or for advertising goods  or
 services,  provided such person, when he appli d the mark, knew or had
 reason  to  believe  that  the application of the mark  was  not  duly
 authorised by the proprietor or a licensee.
 
 (8)  A  registered trade mark is infringed by any advertising of  that
 trade mark if such advertising-
 
 (a)  takes unfair advantage of and is contrary to honest practices  in
 industrial or commercial matters;  or
 
 (b) is detrimental to its distinctive character;  or
 
 (c) is against the reputation of the trade mark.
 
 (9)  Where the distinctive elements of a registered trade mark consist
 of or include words, the trade mark may be infringed by the spoken use
 of those words as well as by their visual representation and reference
 in this section to the use of a mark shall be construed accordingly.
 
 
 30.
 
 Limits on effect of registered trade mark.
 
 
 30.  Limits on effect of registered trade mark.-(1) Nothing in section
 29 shall be construed as preventing the use of a registered trade mark
 by  any  person for the purposes of identifying goods or  services  as
 those of the proprietor provided the use-
 
 (a) is in accordance with honest practices in industrial or commercial
 matters, and
 
 (b)  is  not such as to take unfair advantage of or be detrimental  to
 the distinctive character or repute of the trade mark.
 
 (2) A registered trade mark is not infringed where-
 
 (a)  the  use  in relation to goods or services  indicates  the  kind,
 quality,  quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin,  the
 time  of  production  of goods or of rendering of  services  or  other
 characteristics of goods or services;
 
 (b)  a  trade  mark  is  registered   subject  to  any  conditions  or
 limitations,  the  use of the trade mark in any manner in relation  to
 goods  to be sold or otherwise traded in, in any place, or in relation
 to  goods  to be exported to any market or in relation to ervices  for
 use  or available or acceptance in any place or country outside  India
 or  in  any  other  circumstances, to which, having  regard  to  those
 conditions or limitations, the registration does not extend;
 
 (c) the use by a person of a trade mark-
 
 (i)  in  relation to goods connected in the course of trade  with  the
 proprietor  or  a  registered user of the trade mark if, as  to  those
 goods  or a bulk or which they form part, the registered proprietor or
 the  registered  user conforming to the permitted use has applied  the
 trade  mark and has not subsequently removed or obliterated it, or has
 at  any time expressly or impliedly consented to the use of the  trade
 mark;  or
 
 (ii)  in relation to services to which the proprietor of such mark  or
 of  a registered user conforming to the permitted use has applied  the
 mark,  where  the  purpose  and effect of the use of the  mark  is  to
 indicate,  in accordance with the fact, that those se vices have  been
 performed by the proprietor or a registered user of the mark;
 
 (d)  the use of a trade mark by a person in relation to goods  adapted
 to  form  part of, or to be accessory to, other goods or  services  in
 relation to which the trade mark has been used without infringement of
 the  right  given by registration under this Act r might for the  time
 being be so used, if the use of the trade mark is reasonably necessary
 in  order  to indicate that the goods or services are so adapted,  and
 neither  the purpose nor the effect of the use of the trade mark is to
 indicate,  otherwise than in accordance with the fact, a connection in
 the  course of trade between any person and the goods or services,  as
 the case may be;
 
 (e) the use of a registered trade mark, being one of two or more trade
 marks registered under this Act which are identical or nearly resemble
 each  other,  in exercise of the right to the use of that  trade  mark
 given by registration under this Act.
 
 (3)  Where  the  goods bearing a registered trade  mark  are  lawfully
 acquired by a person, the sale of the goods in the market or otherwise
 dealing in those goods by that person or by a person claiming under or
 through him is not infringement of a trade by r ason only of-
 
 (a)  the registered trade mark having been assigned by the  registered
 proprietor to some other person, after the acquisition of those goods;
 or
 
 (b) the goods having been put on the market under the registered trade
 mark by the proprietor or with his consent.
 
 (4)  Sub-section  (3)  shall not apply where there  exists  legitimate
 reasons  for the proprietor to oppose further dealings in the goods in
 particular,  where  the  condition of the goods, has been  changed  or
 impaired after they have been put on the market.
 
 
 31.
 
 Registration to be prima facie evidence of validity.
 
 
 31.   Registration to be prima facie evidence of validity.-(1) In  all
 legal  proceedings relating to a trade mark registered under this  Act
 (including  applications under section 57), the original  registration
 of  the trade mark and of all subsequent assignme ts and transmissions
 of  the  trade  mark  shall be prima facie evidence  of  the  validity
 thereof;
 
 (2)  In  all  legal proceedings as aforesaid a registered  trade  mark
 shall  not  be  held  to be invalid on the ground that it  was  not  a
 registrable  trade  mark  under  section 9  except  upon  evidence  of
 distinctiveness  and  that  such  evidence was not submitted  to  t  e
 Registrar before registration, if it is proved that the trade mark had
 been  so used by the registered proprietor or his predecessor in title
 as to have become distinctive at the date of registration.
 
 
 32.
 
 Protection of registration on ground of distinctiveness in certaincases.
 
 
 32.   Protection  of  registration  on ground  of  distinctiveness  in
 certain  cases.-Where  a  trade  mark  is  registered  in  breach   of
 sub-section  (1) of section 9, it shall not be declared invalid if, in
 consequence  of  the  use  which has been made of it,  it  has  aft  r
 registration   and  before  commencement  of  any  legal   proceedings
 challenging  the validity of such registration, acquired a distinctive
 character  in  relation  to  the goods or services  for  which  it  is
 registered.
 
 
 33.
 
 Effect of acquiescence.
 
 
 33.   Effect  of acquiescence.-(1) Where the proprietor of an  earlier
 trade mark has acquiesced for a continuous period of five years in the
 use  of a registered trade mark, being aware of that use, he shall  no
 longer be entitled on the basis of that earlier trade mark-
 
 (a)  to  apply  for a declaration that the registration of  the  later
 trade mark is invalid, or
 
 (b) to oppose the use of the later trade mark in relation to the goods
 or  services  in  relation to which it has been so  used,  unless  the
 registration of the later trade mark was not applied in good faith.
 
 (2)  Where sub-section (1) applies, the proprietor of the later  trade
 mark  is not entitled to oppose the use of the earlier trade mark,  or
 as  the  case  may  be,  the   exploitation  of  the  earlier   right,
 notwithstanding  that the earlier trade mark may no longer be  invoked
 against his later trade mark.
 
 
 34.
 
 Saving for vested rights.
 
 
 34.   Saving for vested rights.-Nothing in this Act shall entitle  the
 proprietor  or a registered user of registered trade mark to interfere
 with  or restrain the use by any person of a trade mark identical with
 or nearly resembling it in relation to goods o services in relation to
 which  that  person or a predecessor in title of his has  continuously
 used that trade mark from a date prior-
 
 (a)  to the use of the first-mentioned trade mark in relation to those
 goods  or services be the proprietor or a predecessor in title of his;
 or
 
 (b)  to the date of registration of the first-mentioned trade mark  in
 respect  of those goods or services in the name of the proprietor of a
 predecessor  in  title  of  his;  whichever is the  earlier,  and  the
 Registrar  shall not refuse (on such use being proved) to register the
 second  mentioned trade mark by reason only of the registration of the
 first-mentioned trade mark.
 
 
 35.
 
 Saving for use of name, address or description of goods or services.
 
 
 35.   Saving  for  use  of name, address or description  of  goods  or
 services.-Nothing  in  this  Act  shall entitle the  proprietor  or  a
 registered  user of a registered trade mark to interfere with any bona
 fide use by a person of his own name or that of his place of business,
 or of the name, or of the name of the place of business, of any of his
 predecessors  in  business, or the use by any person of any bona  fide
 description of the character or quality of his goods or services.
 
 
 36.
 
 Saving for words used as name or description of an article orsubstance or
 service.
 
 
 36.   Saving  for words used as name or description of an  article  or
 substance  or service.-(1) The registration of a trade mark shall  not
 be  deemed to have become invalid by reason only of any use after  the
 date  of  the  registration of any word or words whic the  trade  mark
 contains  or  of  which it consists as the name or description  of  an
 article or substance or service:
 
 Provided that, if it is proved either-
 
 (a) that there is a well known and established use of the said word as
 the  name  or description of the article or substance or service by  a
 person or persons carrying on trade therein, not being use in relation
 to  goods  or  services  connected in the course  of  trade  with  the
 proprietor or a registered user of the trade mark or (in the case of a
 certification  trade mark) in relation to goods or services  certified
 by the proprietor;  or
 
 (b)  that  the article or substance was formerly manufactured under  a
 patent  that  a  period of two years or more after the cesser  of  the
 patent has elapsed and that the said word is the only practicable name
 or  description  of  the  article  or  substance,  the  provisions  of
 sub-section (2) shall apply.
 
 (2)  Where  the  facts mentioned in clause (a) or clause  (b)  of  the
 proviso  to  sub-section  (1) are proved with respect  to  any  words,
 then,-
 
 (a)  for the purposes of any proceedings under section 57 if the trade
 mark  consists  solely  of such words, the registration of  the  trade
 mark,  so  far  as regards registration in respect of the  article  or
 the  services or of any services of the same description, as the  case
 requires,  shall  be  deemed to be an entry wrongly remaining  on  the
 register;   substance  in  question  or of any goods of  the  same  de
 cription, or of
 
 (b)  for  the purposes of any other legal proceedings relating to  the
 trade mark,-
 
 (i) if the trade mark consists solely of such words, all rights of the
 proprietor  under  this Act or any other law to the use of  the  trade
 mark;  or
 
 (ii)  if the trade mark contains such words and other matter, all such
 right  of the proprietor to the use of such words, in relation to  the
 article  or  substance or to any goods of the same description, or  to
 the  service  or to any services of the same description, as the  case
 requires,  shall be deemed to have ceased on the date on which the use
 mentioned  in clause (a) of th proviso to sub-section (1) first became
 well  known and established or at the expiration of the period of  two
 years mentioned in clause (b) of the said proviso.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSMISSION
 
 
 CHAPTER V
 
 ASSIGNMENT AND TRANSMISSION
 
 
 37.
 
 Power of registered proprietor to assign and give receipts.
 
 
 37.   Power of registered proprietor to assign and give  receipts.-The
 person  for the time being entered in the register as proprietor of  a
 trade  mark  shall, subject to the provisions of this Act and  to  any
 rights  appearing from the register to be vested in any other  person,
 have  power  to assign the trade mark, and to give effectual  receipts
 for any consideration for such assignment.
 
 
 38.
 
 Assignability and transmissibility of registered trade marks.
 
 
 38.    Assignability   and  transmissibility   of   registered   trade
 marks.-Notwithstanding  anything  in any other law to the contrary,  a
 registered  trade  mark  shall,  subject to  the  provisions  of  this
 Chapter,  be assignable and transmissible, whether with or withou  the
 goodwill  of  the business concerned and in respect either of all  the
 goods  or services in respect of which the trade mark is registered or
 of some only of those goods or services.
 
 
 39.
 
 Assignability and transmissibility of unregistered trade marks.
 
 
 39.    Assignability  and  transmissibility   of  unregistered   trade
 marks.-An  unregistered trade mark may be assigned or transmitted with
 or without the goodwill of the business concerned.
 
 
 40.
 
 Restriction on assignment or transmission where multiple exclusiverights would
 be created.
 
 
 40.  Restriction on assignmnt or transmission where multiple exclusive
 rights  would be created.-(1) Notwithstanding anything in sections  38
 and  39,  a trade mark shall not be assignable or transmissible  in  a
 case  in  which  as a result of the assignment or t  ansmission  there
 would  in  the  circumstances subsist, whether under this Act  or  any
 other  law, exclusive rights in more than one of the persons concerned
 to the use, in relation to-
 
 (a) same goods or services;
 
 (b) same description of goods or services;
 
 (c)  goods  or services or description of goods or services which  are
 associated  with  each  other, of trade marks nearly  resembling  each
 other  or of identical trade mark, if having regard to the  similarity
 of  the  goods and services and to the similarity of the trade  marks,
 the use of the trade marks in exercise of those rights would be likely
 to decei e or cause confusion:
 
 Provided  that an assignment or transmission shall not be deemed to be
 invalid under this sub-section if the exclusive rights subsisting as a
 result  thereof  in  the persons concerned  respectively  are,  having
 by  two  or more of those persons in relation to goods to be sold,  or
 otherwise traded in, within India otherwise than for export therefrom,
 or  in  relation  to goods to be exported to the same  market  outside
 India  or in relation to servi regard to limitations imposed  thereon,
 such  as n t to be exercisable es for use at any place in India or any
 place  outside India in relation to services available for  acceptance
 in India.
 
 (2)  The proprietor of a registered trade mark who proposes to  assign
 it may submit to the Registrar in the prescribed manner a statement of
 case  setting out the circumstances and the Registrar may issue to him
 a  certificate stating whether, having regard to the similarity of the
 goods  or services and of the trade marks referred to in the case, the
 proposed  assignment  would or would not be invalid under  sub-section
 (1),  and a certificate so issued shall, subject to appeal and  unless
 it   is  shown  that  the  c   rtificate  was  obtained  by  fraud  or
 misrepresentation,  be  conclusive  as to the validity  or  invalidity
 under  sub-section (1) of the assignment in so far as such validity or
 invalidity depends upon the facts set out in the case, but, as regards
 a  certificat  in  favour  of validity, only if  application  for  the
 registration  under  section  45 of the title of the  person  becoming
 entitled  is  made  within  six  months from the  date  on  which  the
 certificate is issued.
 
 
 41.
 
 Restriction on assignment or transmission when exclusive rights wouldbe created
 in different parts of India.
 
 
 41.   Restriction on assignment or transmission when exclusive  rights
 would be created in different parts of India.-Notwithstanding anything
 in  sections  38  and  39, a trade mark shall  not  be  assignable  or
 transmissible  in  a  case in which as a result of  the  ssignment  or
 transmission  there would in the circumstances subsist, whether  under
 this Act or any other law-
 
 (a)  an exclusive right in one of the persons concerned, to the use of
 the  trade  mark  limited to use in relation to goods to  be  sold  or
 otherwise traded in, in any place in India, or in relation to services
 for  use, or services available for acceptance in any place in  India;
 and
 
 (b)  an exclusive right in another of these persons concerned, to  the
 use  of a trade mark nearly resembling the first-mentioned trade  mark
 or of an identical trade mark in relation to-
 
 (i) the same goods or services;  or
 
 (ii) the same description of goods or services;  or
 
 (iii)  services which are associated with those goods or goods of that
 description  or  goods  which are associated with  those  services  or
 services  of that description, limited to use in relation to goods  to
 be  sold or otherwise traded in, or services for use, or available for
 acceptance, in any other place in India:
 
 Provided  that  in  any such case, on application  in  the  prescribed
 manner by the proprietor of a trade mark who proposes to assign it, or
 by  a  person  who  claims  that a  registered  trade  mark  has  been
 transmitted  to  him  or to a predecessor in title of his  si  ce  the
 commencement  of  this Act, the Registrar, if he is satisfied that  in
 all  the  circumstances the use of the trade mark in exercise  of  the
 said  rights would not be contrary to the public interest may  approve
 the  assignment or transmission, and an assi nment or transmission  so
 approved  shall not, unless it is shown that the approval was obtained
 by  fraud  or  misrepresentation, be deemed to be invalid  under  this
 section  or  section  40  if application for  the  registration  under
 section  45 of the title of th person becoming entitled is made within
 six  months  from the date on which the approval is given or,  in  the
 case of a transmission, was made before that date.
 
 
 42.
 
 Conditions for assignment otherwise than in connection with thegoodwill of a
 business.
 
 
 42.   Conditions for assignment otherwise than in connection with  the
 goodwill  of a business.-Where an assignment of a trade mark,  whether
 registered  or unregistered is made otherwise than in connection  with
 the  goodwill  of the business in which the mark h s been or is  used,
 the  assignment  shall not take effect unless the assignee, not  later
 than  the  expiration  of  six  months from  the  date  on  which  the
 assignment  is  made  or  within such extended  period,  if  any,  not
 exceeding  three months in the aggregate, as the Registrar may  allow,
 applies   to  the  Registrar  for   directions  with  respect  to  the
 advertisement  of  the assignment, and advertises it in such form  and
 manner and within such period as the Registrar may direct.
 
 Explanation.-For  the  purposes  of this section, an assignment  of  a
 trade  mark of the following description shall not be deemed to be  an
 assignment  made otherwise than in connection with the goodwill of the
 business in which the mark is used, namely:-
 
 (a) an assignment of a trade mark in respect only of some of the goods
 or  services for which the trade mark is registered accompanied by the
 transfer  of the goodwill of the business concerned in those goods  or
 services only;  or
 
 (b)  an assignment of a trade mark which is used in relation to  goods
 exported  from India or in relation to services for use outside  India
 if  the  assignment is accompanied by the transfer of the goodwill  of
 the export business only.
 
 
 43.
 
 Assignability and transmissibility of certification trade marks.
 
 
 43.   Assignability  and  transmissibility   of  certification   trade
 marks.-A  certification  trade  mark  shall   not  be  assignable   or
 transmissible  otherwise  than with the consent of the Registrar,  for
 which application shall be made in writing in the prescribed ma ner.
 
 
 44.
 
 Assignability and transmissibility or associated trade marks.
 
 
 44.    Assignability   and  transmissibility   or   associated   trade
 marks.-Associated  trade  marks shall be assignable and  transmissible
 only  as a whole and not separately, but, subject to the provisions of
 this  Act,  they shall, for all other purposes, be deemed t have  been
 registered as separate trade marks.
 
 
 45.
 
 Registration of assignments and transmissions.
 
 
 45.  Registration of assignments and transmissions.-(1) Where a person
 becomes  entitled by assignment or transmission to a registered  trade
 mark,  he  shall  apply in the prescribed manner to the  Registrar  to
 register  his  title,  and  the Registrar shall, on  r  ceipt  of  the
 application and on proof of title to his satisfaction, register him as
 the  proprietor of the trade mark in respect of the goods or  services
 in  respect  of which the assignment or transmission has  effect,  and
 shall  cause  particulars  of  the ass gnment or  transmission  to  be
 entered on the register:
 
 Provided  that where the validity of an assignment or transmission  is
 in  dispute between the parties, the Registrar may refuse to  register
 the  assignment  or transmission until the rights of the parties  have
 been determined by a competent court.
 
 (2)  Except  for  the purpose of an application before  the  Registrar
 under  sub-section  (1)  or  an appeal from an order  thereon,  or  an
 application  under  section 57 or an appeal from an order  thereon,  a
 document  or  instrument in respect of which no entry has een made  in
 the register in accordance with sub-section (1), shall not be admitted
 in  evidence  by the Registrar or the Appellate Board or any court  in
 proof  of title to the trade mark by assignment or transmission unless
 the Registrar or the Appellate Bo rd or the court, as the case may be,
 otherwise directs.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 USE OF TRADE MARKS AND REGISTERED USERS
 
 
 CHAPTER VI
 
 USE OF TRADE MARKS AND REGISTERED USERS
 
 
 46.
 
 Proposed use of trade mark by company to be formed, etc.
 
 
 46.   Proposed use of trade mark by company to be formed, etc.-(1)  No
 application  for  the registration of a trade mark in respect  of  any
 goods  or  services  shall be refused nor shall  permission  for  such
 registration  be withheld, on the ground only that it a pears that the
 applicant  does  not  use  or propose to use the  trade  mark  if  the
 Registrar is satisfied that-
 
 (a) a company is about to be formed and registered under the Companies
 Act,  1956  (1 of 1956) and that the applicant intends to  assign  the
 trade  mark to that company with a view to the use thereof in relation
 to those goods or services by the company, or
 
 (b)  the proprietor intends it to be used by a person, as a registered
 user after the registration of the trade mark.
 
 (2)  The provisions of section 47 shall have effect, in relation to  a
 trade  mark registered under the powers conferred by this sub-section,
 as  if  for  the reference, in clause (a) of sub-section (1)  of  that
 section, to the intention on the part of an appl cant for registration
 that  a  trade  mark should be used by him there  were  substituted  a
 reference  to the intention on his part that it should be used by  the
 company or registered user concerned.
 
 (3)  The  tribunal  may, in a case to which sub-section  (1)  applies,
 require  the  applicant  to  give  security   for  the  costs  of  any
 proceedings  relating  to any opposition or appeal, and in default  of
 such security being duly given, may treat the application a abandoned.
 
 (4)  Where in a case to which sub-section (1) applies, a trade mark in
 respect  of  any  goods or services is registered in the  name  of  an
 applicant  who,  relies  on intention to assign the trade  mark  to  a
 company,  then,  unless  within such period as may be  pr  scribed  or
 within  such further period not exceeding six months as the  Registrar
 may, on application being made to him in the prescribed manner, allow,
 the company has been registered as the proprietor of the trade mark in
 respect  of  those goods or servic s, the registration shall cease  to
 have  effect  in respect thereof at the expiration of that period  and
 the Registrar shall amend the register accordingly.
 
 
 47.
 
 Removal from register and imposition of limitations on ground ofnon-use.
 
 
 47.   Removal from register and imposition of limitations on ground of
 non-use.(1)  A registered trade mark may be taken off the register  in
 respect  of the goods or services in respect of which it is registered
 on  application  made in the prescribed manner o the Registrar or  the
 Appellate Board by any person aggrieved on the ground either-
 
 (a) that the trade mark was registered without any bona fide intention
 on  the part of the applicant for registration that it should be  used
 in  relation to those goods or services by him or, in a case to  which
 the  provisions  of section 46 apply, by the c mpany concerned or  the
 registered user, as the case may be, and that there has, in fact, been
 no  bona  fide  use of the trade mark in relation to  those  goods  or
 services  by  any proprietor thereof for the time being up to  a  date
 three months before the date of the application;  or
 
 (b) that up to a date three months before the date of the application,
 a  continuous  period of five years from the date on which  the  trade
 mark  is actually entered in the register or longer had elapsed during
 which  the trade mark was registered and durin which there was no bona
 fide  use  thereof  in  relation to those goods  or  services  by  any
 proprietor thereof for the time being:
 
 Provided  that  except  where the applicant has been  permitted  under
 section 12 to register an identical or nearly resembling trade mark in
 respect of the goods or services in question, or where the tribunal is
 trade mark, the tribunal may refuse an application under clause (a) or
 clause  (b) in relation to any goods or services, if it is shown  that
 there  has  been,  before  the relevant date or  during  the  relevant
 period,  as  the  case may be, of opinion that he  might  properly  be
 permitte  so to register such a bona fide use of the trade mark by any
 proprietor thereof for the time being in relation to-
 
 (i) goods or services of the same description;  or
 
 (ii) goods or services associated with those goods or services of that
 description being goods or services, as the case may be, in respect of
 which the trade mark is registered.
 
 (2)  Where in relation to any goods or services in respect of which  a
 trade mark is registered-
 
 (a) the circumstances referred to in clause (b) of sub-section (1) are
 shown to exist so far as regards non-use of the trade mark in relation
 to  goods  to  be sold, or otherwise traded in a particular  place  in
 India  (otherwise than for export from India), or in relation to goods
 to  be exported to a particular market outside India;  or in  relation
 to  services for use or available for acceptance in a particular place
 in India or for use in a particular market outside India;  and
 
 (b)  a  person  has  been permitted under section 12  to  register  an
 identical  or nearly resembling trade mark in respect of those  goods,
 under  a  registration extending to use in relation to goods to be  so
 sold,  or  otherwise  traded  in,  or in relation to  good  to  be  so
 exported,  or  in  relation  to  services for  use  or  available  for
 acceptance  in that place or for use in that country, or the  tribunal
 is  of opinion that he might properly be permitted so to register such
 a  trade mark, on application by that person in the prescribed  manner
 to the Appellate Board or to the Registrar, the tribunal may impose on
 the registration of the first-mentioned trade mark such limitations as
 it  thinks  proper for securing that that registration shal  cease  to
 extend to such use.
 
 (3)  An  applicant  shall not be entitled to rely for the  purpose  of
 clause  (b) of sub-section (1) or for the purposes of sub-section  (2)
 on  any  non-use  of a trade mark which is shown to have been  due  to
 special circumstances in the trade, which includes re trictions on the
 use  of  the trade mark in India imposed by any law or regulation  and
 not  to  any  intention  to abandon or not to use the  trade  mark  in
 relation to the goods or services to which the application relates.
 
 
 48.
 
 Registered users.
 
 
 48.   Registered users.-(1) Subject to the provisions of section 49, a
 person  other  than the registered proprietor of a trade mark  may  be
 registered  as  a registered user thereof in respect of any or all  of
 the  goods  or  services  in  respect  of which  the  tra  e  mark  is
 registered.
 
 (2)  The  permitted use of a trade mark shall be deemed to be used  by
 the proprietor thereof, and shall be deemed not to be used by a person
 other  than the proprietor, for the purposes of section 47 or for  any
 other  purpose  for  which such use is material nder this Act  or  any
 other law.
 
 
 49.
 
 Registration as registered user.
 
 
 49.   Registration as registered user.-(1) Where it is proposed that a
 person  should be registered as a registered user of a trade mark, the
 registered  proprietor and the proposed registered user shall  jointly
 apply  in writing to the Registrar in the pres ribed manner, and every
 such application shall be accompanied by-
 
 (a)  the  agreement in writing or a duly authenticated  copy  thereof,
 entered  into  between  the  registered proprietor  and  the  proposed
 registered  user with respect to the permitted use of the trade  mark;
 and
 
 (b)  an affidavit made by the registered proprietor or by some  person
 authorised to the satisfaction of the Registrar to act on his behalf,-
 
 (i)  giving  particulars  of the relationship, existing  or  proposed,
 between  the  registered proprietor and the proposed registered  user,
 including  particulars showing the degree of control by the proprietor
 over  the  permitted  use  which their relationship w  ll  confer  and
 whether  it  is  a  term  of  their  relationship  that  the  proposed
 registered  user shall be the sole registered user or that there shall
 be  any  other  restriction as to persons for  whose  registration  as
 registered users application may be made;
 
 (ii) stating the goods or services in respect of which registration is
 proposed;
 
 (iii)  stating  the conditions or restrictions, if any, proposed  with
 respect  to the characteristics of the goods or services, to the  mode
 or place of permitted use, or to any other matter;
 
 (iv)  stating  whether  the  permitted use is to be for  a  period  or
 without  limit of period, and, if for a period, the duration  thereof;
 and
 
 (c) such further documents or other evidence as may be required by the
 Registrar or as may be prescribed.
 
 (2)  When the requirements of sub-section (1) have been complied with,
 the  Registrar shall register the proposed registered user in  respect
 of the goods or services as to which he is so satisfied.
 
 (3)  The Registrar shall issue notice in the prescribed manner of  the
 registration  of  a person as a registered user, to  other  registered
 users of the trade mark, if any.
 
 (4)  The Registrar shall, if so requested by the applicant, take steps
 for securing that information given for the purposes of an application
 under this section (other than matters entered in the register) is not
 disclosed to rivals in trade.
 
 
 50.
 
 Power of Registrar for variation or cancellation of registration asregistered
 user.
 
 
 50.   Power of Registrar for variation or cancellation of registration
 as registered user.-(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of section
 57, the registration of a person as registered user-
 
 (a) may be varied by the Registrar as regards the goods or services in
 respect  of  which it has effect on the application in writing in  the
 prescribed manner of the registered proprietor of the trade mark;
 
 (b) may be cancelled by the Registrar on the application in writing in
 the  prescribed  manner  of  the   registered  proprietor  or  of  the
 registered user or of any other registered user of the trade mark;
 
 (c) may be cancelled by the Registrar on the application in writing in
 the  prescribed manner of any person on any of the following  grounds,
 namely:-
 
 (i) that the registered user has used the trade mark otherwise than in
 accordance  with the agreement under clause (a) of sub-section (1)  of
 section  49  or  in  such way as to cause or to be  likely  to  cause,
 deception or confusion;
 
 (ii)  that  the proprietor or the registered user  misrepresented,  or
 failed  to  disclose,  some  fact  material  to  the  application  for
 registration  which  if accurately represented or disclosed would  not
 have justified the registration of the registered user;
 
 (iii)   that  the  circumstances  have   changed  since  the  date  of
 registration  in  such a way that at the date of such application  for
 cancellation  they  would  not  have  justified  registration  of  the
 registered user;
 
 (iv)  that  the  registration ought not to have been  effected  having
 regard  to  rights vested in the applicant by virtue of a contract  in
 the preformance of which he is interested;
 
 (d)  may  be  cancelled by the Registrar on his own motion or  on  the
 application  in writing in the prescribed manner by any person, on the
 ground  that  any stipulation in the agreement between the  registered
 proprietor  and the registered user regarding the uality of the  goods
 or  services  in  relation to which the trade mark is to  be  used  is
 either not being enforced or is not being complied with;
 
 (e)  may  be  cancelled by the Registrar in respect of  any  goods  or
 services in relation to which the trade mark is no longer registered.
 
 (2)  The  Registrar  shall issue notice in the  prescribed  manner  in
 respect  of  every  application under this section to  the  registered
 proprietor  and each registered user (not being the applicant) of  the
 trade mark.
 
 (3)  The procedure for cancelling a registration shall be such as  may
 be prescribed:
 
 Provided  that  before  cancelling  of  registration,  the  registered
 proprietor shall be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
 
 
 51.
 
 Power of Registrar to call for information relating to agreement inrespect of
 registered users.
 
 
 51.   Power of Registrar to call for information relating to agreement
 in  respect  of registered users.-(1) The Registrar may, at  any  time
 during  the continuance of the registration of the registered user, by
 notice in writing, require the registered propri tor to confirm to him
 within  one  month  that  the  agreement filed  under  clause  (a)  of
 sub-section (1) of section 49 continues to be in force.
 
 (2)  If  the registered proprietor fails to furnish  the  confirmation
 within  one  month as required under sub-section (1),  the  registered
 user  shall  cease  to be the registered user on the  day  immediately
 after  the expiry of the said period and the Registrar hall notify the
 same.
 
 
 52.
 
 Right of registered user to take proceedings against infringement.
 
 
 52.    Right   of  registered  user   to  take   proceedings   against
 infringement.-(1)  Subject  to  any agreement subsisting  between  the
 parties,  a registered user may institute proceedings for infringement
 in  his  own name as if he were the registered proprietor, maki g  the
 registered  proprietor  a defendant and the rights and obligations  of
 such  registered user in such case being concurrent with those of  the
 registered proprietor.
 
 (2)  Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, a registered
 proprietor  so  added as defendant shall not be liable for  any  costs
 unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings.
 
 
 53.
 
 No right of permitted user to take proceeding against infringement.
 
 
 53.    No  right  of  permitted   user  to  take  proceeding   against
 infringement.-A person referred to in sub-clause (ii) of clause (r) of
 sub-section  (1)  of  section 2 shall have no right to  institute  any
 proceeding for any infringement.
 
 
 54.
 
 Registered user not to have right of assignment or transmission.
 
 
 54.    Registered   user   not  to   have  right  of   assignment   or
 transmission.-Nothing in this Act shall confer on a registered user of
 a trade mark any assignable or transmissible right to the use thereof.
 
 Explanation  I.-The  right of a registered user of a trade mark  shall
 not  be deemed to have been assigned or transmitted within the meaning
 of this section in the following cases, namely:-
 
 (a)  where  the  registered  user being an individual  enters  into  a
 partnership  with  any  other  person for  carrying  on  the  business
 concerned;   but in any such case the firm may use the trade mark,  if
 otherwise  in  force,  only for so long as the registered  user  is  a
 member of the firm;
 
 (b)  where  the registered user being a firm subsequently undergoes  a
 change  in  its constitution;  but in any such case the  reconstituted
 firm  may use the trade mark, if otherwise in force, only for so  long
 as any partner of the original firm at the time of its registration as
 registered user, continues to be a partner of the reconstituted firm.
 
 Explanation  II.- For the purposes of Explanation I, ''firm'' has  the
 same meaning as in the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932).
 
 
 55.
 
 Use of one of associated or substantially identical trade marksequivalent to
 use of another.
 
 
 55.   Use of one of associated or substantially identical trade  marks
 equivalent  to use of another.-(1) Where under the provisions of  this
 Act,  use of a registered trade mark is required to be proved for  any
 purpose,  the  tribunal  may, if and, so far as it hall  think  right,
 accept use of a registered associated trade mark, or of the trade mark
 with   additions  or  alterations   not  substantially  affecting  its
 identity, as an equivalent for the use required to be proved.
 
 (2)  The  use of the whole of a registered trade mark shall,  for  the
 purpose  of this Act, be deemed to be also use of any trade mark being
 a  part  thereof and registered in accordance with sub-section (1)  of
 section 15 in the name of the same proprietor.
 
 (3)  Notwithstanding  anything in section 32, the use of part  of  the
 registered trade mark in sub-section (2) shall not be conclusive as to
 its evidence of distinctiveness for any purpose under this Act.
 
 
 56.
 
 Use of trade mark for export trade and use when form of tradeconnection changes.
 
 
 56.   Use  of trade mark for export trade and use when form  of  trade
 connection  changes.-(1)  The  application in India of trade  mark  to
 goods  to  be exported from India or in relation to services  for  use
 outside  India and any other act done in India in relati n to goods to
 be so exported or services so rendered outside India which, if done in
 relation  to goods to be sold or services provided or otherwise traded
 in within India would constitute use of a trade mark therein, shall be
 deemed  to constitute use of he trade mark in relation to those  goods
 or  services for any purpose for which such use is material under this
 Act or any other law.
 
 (2)  The  use  of  a registered trade mark in  relation  to  goods  or
 services  between  which  and the person using the mark  any  form  of
 connection  in the course of trade subsists shall not be deemed to  be
 likely  to  cause deception or confusion on the ground only  that  the
 mark  has  been  or is used in relation to goods or  services  between
 which  and the said person or a predecessor in title of that person  a
 different  form  of  connection in the course of  trade  subsisted  or
 subsists.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 RECTIFICATION AND CORRECTION OF THE REGISTER
 
 
 CHAPTER VII
 
 RECTIFICATION AND CORRECTION OF THE REGISTER
 
 
 57.
 
 Power to cancel or vary registration and to rectify the register.
 
 
 57.   Power  to  cancel  or  vary  registration  and  to  rectify  the
 register.-(1)  On  application  made in the prescribed manner  to  the
 Appellate  Board  or  to the Registrar by any  person  aggrieved,  the
 tribunal  may  make such order as it may think fit for  cancelling  or
 varying  the  registration  of  a  trade mark on  the  ground  of  any
 contravention,  or  failure  to  observe a condition  entered  on  the
 register in relation thereto.
 
 (2)  Any person aggrieved by the absence or omission from the register
 of  any entry, or by any entry made in the register without sufficient
 cause,  or  by any entry wrongly remaining on the register, or by  any
 error  or  defect  in  any  entry in the register,  ay  apply  in  the
 prescribed  manner to the Appellate Board or to the Registrar, and the
 tribunal  may  make  such order for making, expunging or  varying  the
 entry as it may think fit.
 
 (3)  The tribunal may in any proceeding under this section decide  any
 question  that  may be necessary or expedient to decide in  connection
 with the rectification of the register.
 
 (4)  The tribunal, of its own motion, may, after giving notice in  the
 prescribed  manner  to the parties concerned and after giving them  an
 opportunity  of being heard, make any order referred to in sub-section
 (1) or sub-section (2).
 
 (5)  Any  order of the Appellate Board rectifying the  register  shall
 direct  that  notice  of the rectification shall be  served  upon  the
 Registrar  in  the  prescribed manner who shall upon receipt  of  such
 notice rectify the register accordingly.
 
 
 58.
 
 Correction of register.
 
 
 58.   Correction  of register.-(1) The Registrar may,  on  application
 made in the prescribed manner by the registered proprietor,-
 
 (a)  correct  any  error in the name, address or  description  of  the
 registered  proprietor of a trade mark, or any other entry relating to
 the trade mark;
 
 (b) enter any change in the name, address or description of the person
 who is registered as proprietor of a trade mark;
 
 (c) cancel the entry of a trade mark on the register;
 
 (d) strike out any goods or classes of goods or services from those in
 respect  of  which  a  trade  mark is registered,  and  may  make  any
 consequential   amendment   or  alteration  in  the   certificate   of
 registration,  and  for that purpose, may require the  certificate  of
 registration to be produced to him.
 
 (2) The Registrar may, on application made in the prescribed manner by
 a  registered user of a trade mark, and after notice to the registered
 proprietor,  correct  any  error, or enter any change,  in  the  name,
 address or description of the registered user.
 
 
 59.
 
 Alteration of registered trade marks.
 
 
 59.    Alteration  of  registered   trade  marks.-(1)  The  registered
 proprietor  of a trade mark may apply in the prescribed manner to  the
 Registrar  for  leave to add to or alter the trade mark in any  manner
 not  substantially  affecting the identity thereof, and t e  Registrar
 may  refuse  leave or may grant it on such terms and subject  to  such
 limitations as he may think fit.
 
 (2)  The  Registrar may cause an application under this section to  be
 advertised  in  the prescribed manner in any case where it appears  to
 him that it is expedient so to do, and where he does so, if within the
 prescribed  time  from the date of the advertise ent any person  gives
 notice  to the Registrar in the prescribed manner of opposition to the
 application,  the  Registrar  shall, after hearing the parties  if  so
 required, decide the matter.
 
 (3)  Where  leave  is granted under this section, the  trade  mark  as
 altered  shall  be  advertised in the prescribed  manner,  unless  the
 application has already been advertised under sub-section (2).
 
 
 60.
 
 Adaptation   of  entries  in  register   to  amended  or
 substitutedclassification of oods or services.
 
 
 60.   Adaptation  of  entries in register to  amended  or  substituted
 classification  of goods or services.-(1) The Registrar shall not make
 any  amendment  of the register which would have the effect of  adding
 any  goods or classes of goods or services to those n respect of which
 a  trade  mark  is  registered  (whether   in  one  or  more  classes)
 immediately  before  the amendment is to be made or of antedating  the
 registration of a trade mark in respect of any goods or services:
 
 Provided  that this sub-section, shall not apply when the Registrar is
 satisfied that compliance therewith would involve undue complexity and
 that  the addition or antedating, as the case may be, would not affect
 any  substantial  quantity  of  goods  or   servi  es  and  would  not
 substantially prejudice the rights of any person.
 
 (2) A proposal so to amend the register shall be brought to the notice
 of the registered proprietor of the trade mark affected and advertised
 in  the prescribed manner, and may be opposed before the Registrar  by
 any  person  aggrieved  on  the ground that  t  e  proposed  amendment
 contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1).
 
 
 CHAP
 
 COLLECTIVE MARKS
 
 
 CHAPTER VIII
 
 COLLECTIVE MARKS
 
 
 61.
 
 Special provisions for collective marks.
 
 
 61.   Special  provisions for collective marks.-(1) The provisions  of
 this  Act  shall apply to collective marks subject to  the  provisions
 contained in this Chapter.
 
 (2)  In relation to a collective mark the reference in clause (zb)  of
 sub-section  (1) of section 2 to distinguishing the goods or  services
 of  one person from those of others shall be construed as a  reference
 to  distinguishing the goods or services of memb rs of an  association
 of persons which is the proprietor of the mark from those of others.
 
 
 62.
 
 Collective mark not to be misleading as to character or significance.
 
 
 62.   Collective  mark  not  to  be  misleading  as  to  character  or
 significance.-A  collective  mark  shall not be registered  if  it  is
 likely  to  deceive  or  cause  confusion on the  part  of  public  in
 particular  if  it  is likely to be taken to be something  other  than
 collective  mark,  and in such case the Registrar may require  that  a
 mark in respect of which application is made for registration comprise
 some indication that it is a collective mark.
 
 
 63.
 
 Application to be accompanied by regulations governing use ofcollective marks.
 
 
 63.   Application  to be accompanied by regulations governing  use  of
 collective  marks.-(1) An application for registration of a collective
 mark shall be accompanied by the regulations governing the use of such
 collective mark.
 
 (2)  The regulations referred to in sub-section (1) shall specify  the
 persons  authorised  to use the mark, the conditions of membership  of
 the  association and, the conditions of use of the mark, including any
 sanctions against misuse and such other matter as may be prescribed.
 
 
 64.
 
 Acceptance of application and regulations by Registrar.
 
 
 64.   Acceptance  of application and regulations by  Registrar.-If  it
 appears  to  the Registrar that the requirements for registration  are
 satisfied,  he  shall  accept  the   application  together  with   the
 regulations,  either  unconditionally  or subject to such  con  itions
 including  amendments of the said regulations, if any, as he may  deem
 fit  or  refuse  to  accept  it  and  if  accepted  shall  notify  the
 regulations.
 
 
 65.
 
 Regulations to be open to inspection.
 
 
 65.  Regulations to be open to inspection.-The regulations referred to
 in sub-section (1) of section 63 shall be open to public inspection in
 the same way as the register as provided in section 148.
 
 
 66.
 
 Amendment of regulations.
 
 
 66.   Amendment of regulations.-Any amendment of regulations  referred
 to  in sub-section (1) of section 63 shall not be effective unless the
 amended  regulations  are filed with the Registrar, and  accepted  and
 published by him in accordance with section 64.
 
 
 67.
 
 Infringement proceedings by registered proprietor of collective mark.
 
 
 67.   Infringement proceedings by registered proprietor of  collective
 mark.-In  a  suit  for  infringement   instituted  by  the  registered
 proprietor of a collective mark as plaintiff the court shall take into
 account  any loss suffered or likely to be suffered b authorised users
 and  may  give  such directions as it thinks fit as to the  extent  to
 which the plaintiff shall hold the proceeds of any pecuniary remedy on
 behalf of such authorised users.
 
 
 68.
 
 Additional grounds for removal of registration of collective mark.
 
 
 68.   Additional  grounds  for removal of registration  of  collective
 mark.-The  registration of a collective mark may also be removed  from
 the register on the ground-
 
 (a)  that the manner in which the collective mark has been used by the
 proprietor  or  authorised  user  has caused it to  become  liable  to
 mislead the public as a collective mark;  or
 
 (b)  that  the  proprietor  has failed to observe, or  to  secure  the
 observance of the regulations governing the use of the mark.
 
 Explanation  I.-For  the purposes of this Chapter, unless the  context
 otherwise  requires,  ''authorised  user''  means   a  member  of   an
 association  authorised  to use the registered collective mark of  the
 association.
 
 Explanation II.-For the purposes of this Act, use of a collective mark
 by  an authorised user referred to in Explanation I shall be deemed to
 be the use by the registered proprietor thereof.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 CERTIFICATION TRADE MARKS
 
 
 CHAPTER IX
 
 CERTIFICATION TRADE MARKS
 
 
 69.
 
 Certain provisions of this Act not applicable to certification trademarks.
 
 
 69.   Certain  provisions of this Act not applicable to  certification
 trade  marks.-The following provisions of this Act shall not apply  to
 certification trade marks, that is to say,-
 
 (a) clauses (a) and (c) of sub-section (1) of section 9;
 
 (b)  sections  18,  20  and 21, except as expressly  applied  by  this
 Chapter;
 
 (c)  sections  28,  29,  30,  41,  42, 47, 48,  49,  50,  52,  54  and
 sub-section (2) of section 56;
 
 (d) Chapter XII, except section 107.
 
 
 70.
 
 Registration of certification trade marks.
 
 
 70.   Registration  of certification trade marks.-A mark shall not  be
 registrable  as a certification trade mark in the name of a person who
 carries  on  a trade in goods of the kind certified or a trade of  the
 provision of services of the kind certified.
 
 
 71.
 
 Applications for registration of certification trade marks.
 
 
 71.   Applications for registration of certification trade  marks.-(1)
 An application for the registration of a mark as a certification trade
 mark  shall  be made to the Registrar in the prescribed manner by  the
 person  proposed  to  be  registered as the proprie  or  thereof,  and
 accompanied  by  a  draft  of the regulations to  be  deposited  under
 section 74.
 
 (2)  Subject  to  the  provisions of section  70,  the  provisions  of
 sections 18, 19 and 22 shall apply in relation to an application under
 this section as they apply in relation to an application under section
 18,  subject to the modification that references t erein to acceptance
 of an application shall be construed as references to authorisation to
 proceed with an application.
 
 (3)  In  dealing under the said provisions with an  application  under
 this   section,   the  tribunal  shall   have  regard  to   the   like
 considerations,  so  far  as  relevant, as  if  the  application  were
 applications under section 18 and to any other considerations relev nt
 to  applications  under  this section, including the  desirability  of
 securing  that  a  certification  trade   mark  shall  comprise   some
 indication that it is a certification trade mark.
 
 
 72.
 
 Consideration of application for registration by Registrar.
 
 
 72.   Consideration of application for registration by  Registrar.-(1)
 The  Registrar  shall consider the application made under  section  71
 with regard to the following matters, namely:-
 
 (a) whether the applicant is competent to certify the goods in respect
 of which the mark is to be registered;
 
 (b)  whether the draft of the regulations to be filed under section 74
 is satisfactory;
 
 (c)  whether  in  all the circumstances the registration  applied  for
 would be to the public advantage, and may either-
 
 (i) refuse the application;  or
 
 (ii)  accept  the  application  and  approve the  said  draft  of  the
 regulations either without modification and unconditionally or subject
 to   any   conditions  or  limitations,  or  to  any   amendments   or
 modifications of the application or of the regulations, which h thinks
 requisite having regard to any of the said matters.
 
 (2) Except in the case of acceptance and approval without modification
 and  unconditionally, the Registrar shall not decide any matter  under
 sub-section  (1) without giving the applicant an opportunity of  being
 heard.
 
 
 73.
 
 Opposition to registration of certification trade marks.
 
 
 73.   Opposition to registration of certification trade marks.-When an
 application  has been accepted, the Registrar shall, as soon as may be
 thereafter,  cause the application as accepted to be advertised in the
 prescribed  manner,  and the provisions of sect on 21 shall  apply  in
 relation  to the registration of the mark as they apply in relation to
 an application under section 18.
 
 
 74.
 
 Filing of regulations governing use of a certification trade mark.
 
 
 74.   Filing  of  regulations governing use of a  certification  trade
 mark.-(1)  There shall be filed at the Trade Marks Registry in respect
 of every mark registered as a certification trade mark regulations for
 governing  the  use thereof, which shall include p ovisions as to  the
 cases  in which the proprietor is to certify goods or services and  to
 authorise the use of the certification trade mark, and may contain any
 other  provisions which the Registrar may by general or special order,
 require  or  permit  to  be i  serted  therein  (including  provisions
 conferring  a right of appeal to the Registrar against any refusal  of
 the  proprietor  to  certify  goods or to authorise  the  use  of  the
 certification  trade  mark in accordance with the  regulations);   and
 regulations  so file shall be open to inspection in like manner as the
 register as provided in section 148.
 
 (2) The regulations so filed may, on the application of the registered
 proprietor, be altered by the Registrar.
 
 (3)  The Registrar may cause such application to be advertised in  any
 case where it appears to him expedient so to do, and where he does so,
 if  within  the time specified in the advertisement any  person  gives
 notice  of  opposition  to the application, the Re  istrar  shall  not
 decide  the matter without giving the parties an opportunity of  being
 heard.
 
 
 75.
 
 Infringement of certification trade marks.
 
 
 75.  Infringement of certification trade marks.-The right conferred by
 section  78  is infringed by any person who, not being the  registered
 proprietor  of the certification trade mark or a person authorised  by
 him  in that behalf under the regulations filed nder section 74, using
 it in accordance therewith, uses in the course of trade, a mark, which
 is  identical with, or deceptively similar to the certification  trade
 mark  in  relation to any goods or services in respect of which it  is
 registered, and in such manner as to render the use of the mark likely
 to be taken as being a use as a trade mark.
 
 
 76.
 
 Acts not constituting infringement of certification trade marks.
 
 
 76.   Acts  not  constituting   infringement  of  certification  trade
 marks.-(1)  Notwithstanding  anything  contained  in  this  Act,   the
 following  acts do not constitute an infringement of the right to  the
 use of a registered certification trade mark-
 
 (a)  where  a  certification trade mark is registered subject  to  any
 conditions or limitations entered on the register, the use of any such
 mark  in any mode, in relation to goods to be sold or otherwise traded
 in  any place, or in relation to goods to be exp rted to any market or
 in  relation  to services for use or available for acceptance  in  any
 place,  country  or territory or in any other circumstances, to  which
 having  regard  to  any such limitations, the  registration  does  not
 extend;
 
 (b)  the  use  of a certification trade mark in relation to  goods  or
 services certified by the proprietor of the mark if, as to those goods
 or  services  or  a bulk of which they form part,  the  proprietor  or
 another  in  accordance  with  his authorisation under  t  e  relevant
 regulations  has applied the mark and has not subsequently removed  or
 obliterated  it,  or  the  proprietor has at  any  time  expressly  or
 impliedly consented to the use of the mark;
 
 (c)  the  use  of a certification trade mark in relation to  goods  or
 services  adapted to form part of, or to be accessory to, other  goods
 in  relation  to which the mark has been used without infringement  of
 the right given as aforesaid or might for the time eing be so used, if
 the  use of the mark is reasonably necessary in order to indicate that
 the  goods or services are so adapted and neither the purpose nor  the
 effect  of  the  use  of the mark is to  indicate  otherwise  than  in
 accordance  with  the fact that th goods or services are certified  by
 the proprietor.
 
 (2)  Clause (b) of sub-section (1) shall not apply to the case of  use
 consisting  of the application of a certification trade mark to  goods
 or  services, notwithstanding that they are such goods or services  as
 are  mentioned  in that clause if such applicati n is contrary to  the
 regulations referred to in that clause.
 
 (3) Where a certification trade mark is one of two or more trade marks
 registered under this Act, which are identical or nearly resemble each
 other, the use of any of those trade marks in exercise of the right to
 the  use of that trade mark given by regis ration, shall not be deemed
 to be an infringement of the right so given to the use of any other of
 those trade marks.
 
 
 77.
 
 Cancellation or varying of registration of certification trade marks.
 
 
 77.   Cancellation  or varying of registration of certification  trade
 marks.-The  Registrar may, on the application in the prescribed manner
 of any person aggrieved and after giving the proprietor an opportunity
 of  opposing  the  application, make such order a he  thinks  fit  for
 expunging  or  varying  any entry in the register to  a  certification
 trade  mark,  or for varying the regulations, on any of the  following
 grounds, namely:-
 
 (a)  that the proprietor is no longer competent, in the case of any of
 the  goods or services in respect of which the mark is registered,  to
 certify those goods or services;
 
 (b)  that  the proprietor has failed to observe any provisions of  the
 regulations to be observed on his part;
 
 (c)  that it is no longer to the public advantage that the mark should
 remain registered;
 
 (d)  that  it is requisite for the public advantage that if  the  mark
 remains registered, the regulations should be varied.
 
 
 78.
 
 Rights conferred by registration of certification trade marks.
 
 
 78.    Rights  conferred  by   registration  of  certification   trade
 marks.-(1)  Subject  to the provisions of sections 34, 35 and 76,  the
 registration  of a person as a proprietor of certification trade  mark
 in  respect  of  any goods or services shall, if valid,  giv  to  that
 person the exclusive right to the use of the mark in relation to those
 goods or services.
 
 (2) The exclusive right to the use of a certification trade mark given
 under  sub-section  (1)  shall  be   subject  to  any  conditions  and
 limitations to which the registration is subject.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR TEXTILE GOODS
 
 
 CHAPTER X
 
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR TEXTILE GOODS
 
 
 79.
 
 Textile goods.
 
 
 79.   Textile  goods.-The Central Government may prescribe classes  of
 goods  (in  this  Chapter referred to as textile goods) to  the  trade
 marks  used in relation to which the provisions of this Chapter  shall
 apply;   and  subject to the said provisions, the other provisions  of
 this  Act shall apply to such trade marks as they apply to trade marks
 used in relation to other classes of goods.
 
 
 80.
 
 Restriction on registration of textile goods.
 
 
 80.   Restriction on registration of textile goods.-(1) In respect  of
 textile goods being piece goods-
 
 (a) no mark consisting of a line heading alone shall be registrable as
 a trade mark;
 
 (b)   a   line  heading  shall  not  be  deemed  to  be   capable   of
 distinguishing;
 
 (c)  the registration of trade mark shall not give any exclusive right
 to the use of a line heading.
 
 (2)  In  respect of any textile goods, the registration of letters  or
 numerals,  or  any  combination  thereof, shall  be  subject  to  such
 conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed.
 
 
 81.
 
 Stamping of piece gods, cotton yarn and thread.
 
 
 81.  Stamping of piece goods, cotton yarn and thread.-(1) Piece goods,
 such as are ordinarily sold by length or by the piece, which have been
 manufactured,  bleached,  dyed, printed or finished in premises  which
 are  a  factory, as defined in the Factories A t, 1948 (63  of  1948),
 shall  not be removed for sale from the last of such premises in which
 they  underwent any of the said processes without having conspicuously
 stamped  in  international form of Indian numerals on each  piece  the
 length  thereof in standar yards, or in standard yards and a  fraction
 of  such  a  yard, or in standard metres or in standard metres  and  a
 fraction  of such a metre, according to the real length of the  piece,
 and,  except when the goods are sold from the factory for export  from
 India,  without being conspicuously marked on each piece with the name
 of  the  manufacturer or of the occupier of the premises in which  the
 piece  was finally processed or of the wholesale purchaser in India of
 the piece.
 
 (2)  Cotton  yarn  such as is ordinarily sold in bundles,  and  cotton
 thread,  namely, sewing, darning, crochet or handicraft thread,  which
 have been manufactured, bleached, dyed or finished in any premises not
 sale  from those premises unless, in accordance with the said rules in
 the  case  of yarn- exempted by the rules made under section 82 sha  l
 not be removed for
 
 (a)  the  bundles are conspicuously marked with an indication  of  the
 weight of yarn in English or the metric system in each bundles;  and
 
 (b)  the count of the yarn contained in the bundles and in the case of
 thread  each unit is conspicuously marked with the length or weight of
 thread  in the unit and in such other manner as may be required by the
 said rules;  and
 
 (c)  except where the goods are sold from the premises for export from
 India,  unless  each bundle or unit is conspicuously marked  with  the
 name of the manufacturer or of the wholesale purchaser in India of the
 goods:
 
 Provided  that  the  rules  made under section  82  shall  exempt  all
 premises  where  the  work is done by members of one  family  with  or
 without  the assistance of not more than ten other employees, and  all
 premises  controlled  by  a co-operative society where not m  re  than
 twenty workers are employed in the premises.
 
 
 82.
 
 Determination of character of textile goods by sampling.
 
 
 82.   Determination of character of textile goods by sampling.-(1) For
 the purposes of this Act, the Central Government may make rules-
 
 (a) to provide, with respect to any goods which purport or are alleged
 to  be of uniform number, quantity, measure, guage or weight, for  the
 number  of samples to be selected and tested and for the selection  of
 the samples;
 
 (b) to provide, for the manner in which for the purposes of section 81
 cotton  yarn  and cotton thread shall be marked with  the  particulars
 required  by  that section, and for the exemption of certain  premises
 used for the manufacture, bleaching, dying or f nishing of cotton yarn
 or cotton thread from the provisions of that section;  and
 
 (c)  declaring  what classes of goods are included in  the  expression
 "piece  goods  such as are ordinarily sold by length or by the  piece"
 for  the  purpose  of  section  81,  of this  Act  or  clause  (n)  of
 sub-section (2) of section 11 of the Customs Act, 1962.
 
 (2) With respect to any goods for the selection and testing of samples
 of  which  provision  is not made in any rules for the time  being  in
 force  under sub-section (1), the court or officer of customs, as  the
 case  may  be,  having  occasion to ascertain the  n  mber,  quantity,
 measure,  gauge  or weight of the goods, shall, by order  in  writing,
 determine  the  number  of samples to be selected and tested  and  the
 manner in which the samples are to be selected.
 
 (3)  The  average of the results of the testing in pursuance of  rules
 under  sub-section  (1) or of an order under sub-section (2) shall  be
 prima  facie  evidence  of  the number, quantity,  measure,  gauge  or
 weight, as the case may be, of the goods.
 
 (4)  If a person having any claim to, or in relation to, any goods  of
 which  samples  have  been selected and tested in pursuance  of  rules
 under  sub-section (1), or of an order under sub-section (2),  desires
 that  any  further samples of the goods be selected and  tested,  such
 further  samples shall, on his written application and on the  payment
 in  advance by him to the court or officer of customs, as the case may
 be,  of such sums for defraying the cost of the further selection  and
 testing  as  the  court or offic r may from time to time  require,  be
 selected  and tested to such extent as may be permitted by rules  made
 by  the Central Government in this behalf or as, in the case of  goods
 with  respect to which provision is not made in such rules, the  court
 reasonable,  the samples being selected in the manner prescribed under
 sub-section  (1),  or  in  sub-section (2), as the case  may  be.   or
 officer f customs may determine in the circumstances to be
 
 (5)  The  average  of  the  results of  the  testing  referred  to  in
 sub-section (3) and of the further testing under sub-section (4) shall
 be conclusive proof of the number, quantity, measure, gauge or weight,
 as the case may be, of the goods.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 APPELLATE BOARD
 
 
 CHAPTER XI
 
 APPELLATE BOARD
 
 
 83.
 
 Establishment of Appellate Board.
 
 
 83.   Establishment of Appellate Board.-The Central Government  shall,
 by  notification in the Official Gazette, establish an Appellate Board
 to  be known as the Intellectual Property Appellate Board to  exercise
 the  jurisdiction,  powers and authority confer ed on it by  or  under
 this Act.
 
 
 84.
 
 Composition of Appellate Board.
 
 
 84.   Composition  of Appellate Board.-(1) The Appellate  Board  shall
 consist of a Chairman, Vice-Chairman and such number of other Members,
 as  the  Central  Government may deem fit and, subject  to  the  other
 provisions  of this Act, the jurisdiction, powers an authority of  the
 Appellate Board may be exercised by Benches thereof.
 
 (2) Subject to the other provisions of this Act, a Bench shall consist
 of  one Judicial Member and one Technical Member and shall sit at such
 place  as the Central Government may, by notification in the  Official
 Gazette, specify.
 
 (3)  Notwithstanding  anything  contained  in  sub-section  (2),   the
 Chairman-
 
 (a)  may,  in  addition to discharging the functions of  the  Judicial
 Member  or  Technical  Member of the Bench to which he  is  appointed,
 discharge the functions of the Judicial Member or, as the case may be,
 the Technical Member, of any other Bench;
 
 (b) may transfer a Member from one Bench to another Bench;
 
 (c)  may  authorise  the  Vice-Chairman, the Judicial  Member  or  the
 Technical  Member  appointed  to  one  Bench  to  discharge  also  the
 functions  of the Judicial Member or the Technical Member, as the case
 may be, of another Bench.
 
 (4)  Where  any Benches are constituted, the Central  Government  may,
 from  time  to  time,  by  notification, make  provisions  as  to  the
 distribution  of  the  business  of the Appellate  Board  amongst  the
 Benches and specify the matters which may be dealt with by e ch Bench.
 
 (5)  If any question arises as to whether any matter falls within  the
 purview  of  the  business allocated to a Bench, the  decison  of  the
 Chairman shall be final.
 
 Explanation.-  For  the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared  that
 the expression ''matter'' includes an appeal under section 91.
 
 (6)  If  the Members of a Bench differ in opinion on any  point,  they
 shall  state  the  point or points on which they differ,  and  make  a
 reference  to  the Chairman who shall either hear the point or  points
 himself or refer the case for hearing on such point o points by one or
 more  of  the other Members and such point or points shall be  decided
 according to the opinion of the majority of the Members who have heard
 the case, including those who first heard it.
 
 
 85.
 
 Qualifications for appointment as Chairman, Vice-Chairman, or otherMembers.
 
 
 85.   Qualifications  for appointment as Chairman,  Vice-Chairman,  or
 other  Members.-(1) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as
 the Chairman unless he-
 
 (a) is, or has been, a Judge of a High Court;  or
 
 (b) has, for at least two years, held the office of a Vice-Chairman.
 
 (2)  A  person  shall  not  be   qualified  for  appointment  as   the
 Vice-Chairman, unless he-
 
 (a)  has, for at least two years, held the office of a Judicial Member
 or a Technical Member;  or
 
 (b)  has been a member of the Indian Legal Service and has held a post
 in Grade I of that service or any higher post for at least five years.
 
 (3)  A  person  shall not be qualified for appointment as  a  Judicial
 Member, unless he-
 
 (a)  has  been a member of the Indian Legal Service and has  held  the
 post in Grade I of that Service for at least three years;  or
 
 (b) has, for at least ten years, held a civil judicial office.
 
 (4)  A  person shall not be qualified for appointment as  a  Technical
 Member, unless he-
 
 (a)  has,  for at least ten years, exercised functions of  a  tribunal
 under  this Act or under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958, or
 both, and has held a post not lower than the post of a Joint Registrar
 for at least five years;  or
 
 (b)  has,  for  at  least  ten years, been an  advocate  of  a  proven
 specialised experience in trade mark law.
 
 (5)  Subject  to  the  provisions of sub-section  (6),  the  Chairman,
 Vice-Chairman  and  every  other  Member shall  be  appointed  by  the
 President of India.
 
 (6)  No  appointment of a person as the Chairman shall be made  except
 after consultation with the Chief Justice of India.
 
 
 86.
 
 Term of office of Chairman, Vice-Chairman and other Members.
 
 
 86.   Term of office of Chairman, Vice-Chairman and other Members.-The
 Chairman, Vice-Chairman or other Members shall hold office as such for
 a  term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office
 or until he attains,-
 
 (a)  in the case of Chairman and Vice-Chairman, the age of  sixty-five
 years;  and
 
 (b)  in the case of a Member, the age of sixty-two years, whichever is
 earlier
 
 
 87.
 
 Vice-Chairman  or  senior-most Member to act as Chairman or  dischargehis
 functions in certain circumstances.
 
 
 87.   Vice-Chairman  or  senior-most  Member to  act  as  Chairman  or
 discharge  his functions in certain circumstances.-(1) In the event of
 or  any vacancy in the office of the Chairman by reasons of his death,
 resignation  or  otherwise, the Vice-Chairman and in h s  absence  the
 senior-most Member shall act as Chairman until the date on which a new
 Chairman,  appointed in accordance with the provisions of this Act  to
 fill such vacancy, enters upon his office.
 
 (2)  When  the Chairman is unable to discharge his functions owing  to
 his  absence, illness or any other cause, the Vice-Chairman and in his
 absence  the  senior-most Member shall discharge the functions of  the
 Chairman until the date on which the Chairman r sumes his duty.
 
 
 88.
 
 Salaries,  allowances  and  other terms and conditions of  service  ofChairman,
 Vice-Chairman and other Members.
 
 
 88.  Salaries, allowances and other terms and conditions of service of
 Chairman,  Vice-Chairman  and  other  Members.-(1)  The  salaries  and
 allowances  payable  to,  and other terms and  conditions  of  service
 (including  pension,  gratuity and other retirement bene its), of  the
 Chairman,  Vice-Chairman  and  other Members shall be such as  may  be
 prescribed.
 
 (2)  Notwithstanding  anything contained in sub-section (1), a  person
 who,  immediately before the date of assuming office as the  Chairman,
 Vice-Chairman  or other Member was in service of Government, shall  be
 deemed to have retired from service on the date n which he enters upon
 office as the Chairman, Vice-Chairman or other Member.
 
 
 89.
 
 Resignation and removal.
 
 
 89.   Resignation and removal.-(1) The Chairman, Vice-Chairman or  any
 other Member may, by notice in writing under his hand addressed to the
 President of India, resign his office:
 
 Provided  that the Chairman, Vice-Chairman or any other Member  shall,
 unless  he  is permitted by the President of India to  relinquish  his
 office  sooner,  continue  to hold office until the  expiry  of  three
 months  from the date of receipt of such notice or un il a person duly
 appointed  as his successor enters upon his office or until the expiry
 of his term of office, whichever is earlier.
 
 (2)  The  Chairman,  Vice-Chairman or any other Member  shall  not  be
 removed  from  his office except by an order made by the President  of
 India  on  the  ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity  after  an
 inquiry  made  by a Judge of the Supreme Court in which  he  Chairman,
 Vice-Chairman or other Member had been informed of the charges against
 him  and  given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect  of
 those charges.
 
 (3)  The Central Government may, by rules, regulate the procedure  for
 the  investigation  of  misbehaviour or incapacity  of  the  Chairman,
 Vice-Chairman or other Member referred to in sub-section (2).
 
 
 90.
 
 Staff of Appellate Board.
 
 
 90.   Staff  of  Appellate  Board.-(1) The  Central  Government  shall
 determine  the  nature  and  categories  of  the  officers  and  other
 employees  required to assist the Appellate Board in the discharge  of
 its  functions and provide the Appellate Board with such off cers  and
 other employees as it may think fit.
 
 (2)  The  salaries  and allowances and conditions of  service  of  the
 officers  and other employees of the Appellate Board shall be such  as
 may be prescribed.
 
 (3)  The  officers  and other employees of the Appellate  Board  shall
 discharge  their  functions under the general superintendence  of  the
 Chairman in the manner as may be prescribed.
 
 
 91.
 
 Appeals to Appellate Board.
 
 
 91.   Appeals to Appellate Board.-(1) Any person aggrieved by an order
 or  decision  of  the  Registrar under this Act,  or  the  rules  made
 thereunder  may  prefer an appeal to the Appellate Board within  three
 months  from  the  date on which the order or decision s  ught  to  be
 appealed against is communicated to such person preferring the appeal.
 
 (2) No appeal shall be admitted if it is preferred after the expiry of
 the period specified under sub-section (1):
 
 Provided that an appeal may be admitted after the expiry of the period
 specified  therefor,  if the appellant satisfies the  Appellate  Board
 that  he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within the
 specified period.
 
 (3)  An appeal to the Appellate Board shall be in the prescribed  form
 and  shall  be  verified  in  the   prescribed  manner  and  shall  be
 accompanied by a copy of the order or decision appealed against and by
 such fees as may be prescribed.
 
 
 92.
 
 Procedure and powers of Appellate Board.
 
 
 92.   Procedure and powers of Appellate Board.-(1) The Appellate Board
 shall  not  be bound by the procedure laid down in the Code  of  Civil
 Procedure,  1908  (5  of 1908) but shall be guided  by  principles  of
 natural justice and subject to the provisions of thi Act and the rules
 made thereunder, the Appellate Board shall have powers to regulate its
 own procedure including the fixing of places and times of its hearing.
 
 (2) The Appellate Board shall have, for the purpose of discharging its
 functions  under  this Act, the same powers as are vested in  a  civil
 court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908) while trying
 a suit in respect of the following matters, amely:-
 
 (a) receiving evidence;
 
 (b) issuing commissions for examination of witnesses;
 
 (c) requisitioning any public record;  and
 
 (d) any other matter which may be prescribed.
 
 (3)  Any proceeding before the Appellate Board shall be deemed to be a
 judicial  proceeding  within the meaning of sections 193 and 228,  and
 for the purpose of section 196, of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860),
 and the Appellate Board shall be deemed to b a civil court for all the
 purposes  of  section  195 and Chapter XXVI of the  Code  of  Criminal
 Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974).
 
 
 93.
 
 Bar of jurisdiction of courts, etc.
 
 
 93.   Bar of jurisdiction of courts, etc.-No court or other  authority
 shall  have  or, be entitled to, exercise any jurisdiction, powers  or
 authority in relation to the matters referred to in sub-section (1) of
 section 91.
 
 
 94.
 
 Bar to appear before Appellate Board.
 
 
 94.   Bar to appear before Appellate Board.-On ceasing to hold office,
 the  Chairman, Vice-Chairman or other Members shall not appear  before
 the Appellate Board or the Registrar.
 
 
 95.
 
 Conditions as to making of interim orders.
 
 
 95.   Conditions  as  to  making  of  interim  orders.-Notwithstanding
 anything contained in any other provisions of this Act or in any other
 law  for the time being in force, no interim order (whether by way  of
 injunction  or  stay or any other manner) shall be m de on, or in  any
 proceedings relating to, an appeal unless-
 
 (a)  copies of such appeal and of all documents in support of the plea
 for  such  interim order are furnished to the party against whom  such
 appeal is made or proposed to be made;  and
 
 (b) opportunity is given to such party to be heard in the matter.
 
 
 96.
 
 Power of Chairman to transfer cases from one Bench to another.
 
 
 96.  Power of Chairman to transfer cases from one Bench to another.-On
 the application of any of the parties and after notice to the parties,
 and after hearing such of them as he may desire to be heard, or on his
 own  motion  without such notice, the Chair an may transfer  any  case
 pending before one Bench, for disposal, to any other Bench.
 
 
 97.
 
 Procedure for application for rectification, etc., before AppellateBoard.
 
 
 97.   Procedure  for  application   for  rectification,  etc.,  before
 Appellate  Board.-(1) An application for rectification of the register
 made  to the Appellate Board under section 57 shall be in such form as
 may be prescribed.
 
 (2) A certified copy of every order or judgment of the Appellate Board
 relating  to  a  registered  trade  mark   under  this  Act  shall  be
 communicated  to  the Registrar by the Board and the  Registrar  shall
 amend the entries in, or rectify, the register in accordance with such
 order.   give  effect  to  the order of the Board and  shall,  when  s
 directed,
 
 
 98.
 
 Appearance of Registration in legal proceedings.
 
 
 98.   Appearance of Registrar in legal proceedings.-(1) The  Registrar
 shall have the right to appear and be heard-
 
 (a)  in any legal proceedings before the Appellate Board in which  the
 relief  sought includes alteration or rectification of the register or
 in  which  any  question relating to the practice of the  Trade  Marks
 Registry is raised;
 
 (b)  in  any appeal to the Board from an order of the Registrar on  an
 application for registration of a trade mark-
 
 (i) which is not opposed, and the application is either refused by the
 Registrar   or  is  accepted  by   him  subject  to  any   amendments,
 modifications, conditions or limitations, or
 
 (ii)  which  has  been opposed and the Registrar  considers  that  his
 appearance  is  necessary  in the public interest, and  the  Registrar
 shall appear in any case if so directed by the Board.
 
 (2)  Unless the Appellate Board otherwise directs, the Registrar  may,
 in  lieu  of appearing, submit a statement in writing signed  by  him,
 giving  such particulars as he thinks proper of the proceedings before
 him  relating to the matter in issue or of the g ounds of any decision
 given  by  him  affecting it, or of the practice of  the  Trade  Marks
 Registry in like cases, or of other matters relevant to the issues and
 within  his  knowledge  as  Registrar, and  such  statement  shall  be
 evidence in the proceeding.
 
 
 99.
 
 Costs of Registrar in proceedings before Appellate Board.
 
 
 99.   Costs of Registrar in proceedings before Appellate Board.-In all
 proceedings under this Act before the Appellate Board the costs of the
 Registrar  shall be in the discretion of the Board, but the  Registrar
 shall not be ordered to pay the costs of any of the parties.
 
 
 100.
 
 Transfer of pending proceedings to Appellate Board.
 
 
 100.  Transfer of pending proceedings to Appellate Board.-All cases of
 appeals  against any order or decision of the Registrar and all  cases
 pertaining  to  rectification  of register, pending  before  any  High
 Court,  shall  be transferred to the Appellate Boa d from the date  as
 notified  by  the Central Government in the Official Gazette  and  the
 Appellate Board may proceed with the matter either de novo or from the
 stage it was so transferred.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 OFFENCES, PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE
 
 
 CHAPTER XII
 
 OFFENCES, PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE
 
 
 101.
 
 Meaning of applying trade marks and trade descriptions.
 
 
 101.   Meaning  of applying trade marks and trade descriptions.-(1)  A
 person  shall  be  deemed  to  apply a trade mark  or  mark  or  trade
 description to goods or services who-
 
 (a)  applies  it  to the goods themselves or uses it  in  relation  to
 services;  or
 
 (b)  applies it to any package in or with which the goods are sold, or
 exposed  for sale, or had in possession for sale or for any purpose of
 trade or manufacture;  or
 
 (c)  places, encloses or annexes any goods which are sold, or  exposed
 for sale, or had in possession for sale or for any purpose of trade or
 manufacture,  in  or with any package or other thing to which a  trade
 mark or mark or trade description has been ap lied;  or
 
 (d)  uses  a  trade mark or mark or trade description  in  any  manner
 reasonably  likely to lead to the belief that the goods or services in
 connection  with which it is used are designated or described by  that
 trade mark or mark or trade description;  or
 
 (e)  in  relation to the goods or services uses a trade mark or  trade
 description  in any sign, advertisement, invoice, catalogue,  business
 letter,  business  paper, price list or other commercial document  and
 goods are delivered or services are rendered to person in pursuance of
 a  request  or  order  made by reference to the trade  mark  or  trade
 description as so used.
 
 (2)  A  trade mark or mark or trade description shall be deemed to  be
 applied  to  goods whether it is woven in, impressed on, or  otherwise
 worked  into, or annexed or affixed to, the goods or to any package or
 other thing.
 
 
 102.
 
 Falsifyingg and falsely applying trade marks.
 
 
 102.   Falsifying and falsely applying trade marks.-(1) A person shall
 be deemed to falsify a trade mark who, either,-
 
 (a)  without the assent of the proprietor of the trade mark makes that
 trade mark or a deceptively similar mark;  or
 
 (b) falsifies any genuine trade mark, whether by alteration, addition,
 effacement or otherwise.
 
 (2)  A person shall be deemed to falsely apply to goods or services  a
 trade  mark  who,  without the assent of the proprietor of  the  trade
 mark,-
 
 (a)  applies such trade mark or a deceptively similar mark to goods or
 services or any package containing goods;
 
 (b)  uses  any  package  bearing a mark which  is  identical  with  or
 deceptively  similar  to  the trade mark of such proprietor,  for  the
 purpose  of packing, filling or wrapping therein any goods other  than
 the genuine goods of the proprietor of the trade mark.
 
 (3)  Any  trade  mark  falsified as mentioned in  sub-section  (1)  or
 falsely  applied  as  mentioned  in sub-section (2), is  in  this  Act
 referred to as a false trade mark.
 
 (4) In any prosecution for falsifying a trade mark or falsely applying
 a trade mark to goods or services, the burden of proving the assent of
 the proprietor shall lie on the accused.
 
 
 103.
 
 Penalty for applying false trade marks, trade descriptions, etc.
 
 
 103.   Penalty  for  applying false trade marks,  trade  descriptions,
 etc.-Any person who-
 
 (a) falsifies any trade mark;  or
 
 (b) falsely applies to goods or services any trade mark;  or
 
 (c)  makes,  disposes  of, or has in his possession, any  die,  block,
 machine, plate or other instrument for the purpose of falsifying or of
 being used for falsifying, a trade mark;  or
 
 (d) applies any false trade description to goods or services;  or
 
 (e)  applies  to  any goods to which an indication of the  country  or
 place  in which they were made or produced or the name and address  of
 the  manufacturer  or  person for whom the goods are  manufactured  is
 required  to be applied under section 139, a false in ication of  such
 country, place, name or address;  or
 
 (f)  tampers with, alters or effaces an indication of origin which has
 been  applied to any goods to which it is required to be applied under
 section 139;  or
 
 (g)  causes  any of the things above-mentioned in this section  to  be
 done,  shall,  unless  he  proves that he  acted,  without  intent  to
 defraud, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be
 less than six months but which may extend to three years and with fine
 which shall not be less than fifty thousand rupees but hich may extend
 to two lakh rupees:
 
 Provided  that  the court may, for adequate and special reasons to  be
 mentioned  in  the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment  for  a
 term  of  less than six months or a fine of less than  fifty  thousand
 rupees.
 
 
 104.
 
 Penalty  for selling goods or providing services to which false  trademark or
 false trade description is applied.
 
 
 104.   Penalty for selling goods or providing services to which  false
 trade  mark  or  false trade description is  applied.-Any  person  who
 sells,  lets  for  hire or exposes for sale, or hires or  has  in  his
 possession  for sale, goods or things, or provides or hi es  services,
 to which any false trade mark or false trade description is applied or
 which,  being  required under section 139 to have applied to  them  an
 indication of the country or place in which they were made or produced
 or  the  name and address of the m nufacturer, or person for whom  the
 goods  are manufactured or services provided, as the case may be,  are
 without the indications so required, shall, unless he proves,-
 
 (a)  that, having taken all reasonable precautions against  committing
 an  offence against this section, he had at the time of commission  of
 the  alleged offence no reason to suspect the genuineness of the trade
 mark  or  trade description or that any offence had been committed  in
 respect of the goods or services;  or
 
 (b) that, on demand by or on behalf of the prosecutor, he gave all the
 information  in  his  power with respect to the person  from  whom  he
 obtained such goods or things or services;  or
 
 (c)  that  otherwise  he  had acted  innocently,  be  punishable  with
 imprisonment  for  a term which shall not be less than six months  but
 which  may extend to three years and with fine which shall not be less
 than fifty thousand rupees but which may extend to two lakh rupees:
 
 Provided  that  the court may, for adequate and special reasons to  be
 mentioned  in  the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment  for  a
 term  of  less than six months or a fine of less than  fifty  thousand
 rupees.
 
 
 105.
 
 Enhanced penalty on second or subsequent conviction.
 
 
 105.   Enhanced  penalty on second or  subsequent  conviction.-Whoever
 having  already  been  convicted of an offence under  section  103  or
 section 104 is again convicted of any such offence shall be punishable
 for the second and for every subsequent offence, wi h imprisonment for
 a  term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend  to
 three years and with fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees
 but which may extend to two lakh rupees:
 
 Provided  that  the court may, for adequate and special reason  to  be
 mentioned  in  the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment  for  a
 term of less than one year or a fine of less than one lakh rupees:
 
 Provided  further that for the purposes of this section, no cognizance
 shall  be taken of any conviction made before the commencement of this
 Act.
 
 
 106.
 
 Penalty for removing piece goods, etc. contrary to section 81.
 
 
 106.   Penalty  for  removing piece goods, etc., contrary  to  section
 81.-If  any person removes or attempts to remove or causes or attempts
 to  cause  to  be removed for sale from any premises  referred  to  in
 section  81 or sells or exposes for sale or has in his possession  for
 sale  or for any purpose of trade or manufacture piece goods or cotton
 yarn or cotton thread which is not marked as required by that section,
 every such piece and every such bundle of yarn and all such thread and
 everything  used  for  the  pac  ing thereof  shall  be  forfeited  to
 Government  and  such person shall be punishable with fine  which  may
 extend to one thousand rupees.
 
 
 107.
 
 Penalty for falsely representing a trade mark as registered.
 
 
 107.  Penalty for falsely representing a trade mark as registered.-(1)
 No person shall make any representation-
 
 (a)  with respect to a mark, not being a registered trade mark, to the
 effect that it is a registered trade mark;  or
 
 (b)  with  respect to a part of a registered trade mark, not  being  a
 part  separately registered as a trade mark, to the effect that it  is
 separately registered as a trade mark;  or
 
 (c)  to  the  effect  that a registered trade mark  is  registered  in
 respect of any goods or services in respect of which it is not in fact
 registered;  or
 
 (d) to the effect that registration of a trade mark gives an exclusive
 right  to the use thereof in any circumstances in which, having regard
 to  limitation  entered on the register, the registration does not  in
 fact give that right.
 
 (2)  If  any person contravenes any of the provisions  of  sub-section
 (1),  he  shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term  which  may
 extend to three years, or with fine, or with both.
 
 (3)  For the purposes of this section, the use in India in relation to
 a  trade  mark of the word "registered'', or of any other  expression,
 symbol   or  sign  referring  whether   expressly  or   impliedly   to
 registration, shall be deemed to import a reference to re istration in
 the register, except-
 
 (a)  where  that word or other expression, symbol or sign is  used  in
 direct  association with other words delineated in characters at least
 as  large  as those in which that word or other expression, symbol  or
 sign  is  delineated  and  indicating  that   the  refere  ce  is   to
 registration  as a trade mark under the law of a country outside India
 being a country under the law of which the registration referred to is
 in fact in force;  or
 
 (b)  where that other expression, symbol or sign is of itself such  as
 to indicate that the reference is to such registration as is mentioned
 in clause (a);  or
 
 (c)  where  that  word is used in relation to a mark registered  as  a
 trade  mark  under the law of a country outside India and in  relation
 solely  to  goods  to be exported to that country or  in  relation  to
 services for use in that country.
 
 
 108.
 
 Penalty  for  improperly describing a place of business  as  connectedwith the
 Trade Marks Office.
 
 
 108.   Penalty  for  improperly  describing a  place  of  business  as
 connected with the Trade Marks Office.-If any person uses on his place
 of  business,  or on any document issued by him, or  otherwise,  words
 which  would reasonably lead to the belief that his pla e of  business
 is,  or is officially connected with, the Trade Marks Office, he shall
 be  punishable  with imprisonment for a term which may extend  to  two
 years, or with fine, or with both.
 
 
 109.
 
 Penalty for falsification of entries in the register.
 
 
 109.   Penalty  for falsification of entries in the  register.-If  any
 person  makes, or causes to be made, a false entry in the register, or
 a writing falsely purporting to be a copy of an entry in the register,
 or  produces  or  tenders  or causes to be produced  or  tendered,  in
 evidence  any such writing, knowing the entry or writing to be  false,
 he  shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may  extend
 to two years, or with fine, or with both.
 
 
 110.
 
 No offence in certain cases.
 
 
 110.   No  offence in certain cases.-The provisions of  sections  102,
 103,  104  and  105 shall, in relation to a registered trade  mark  or
 proprietor  of  such  mark,  be  subject  to  the  rights  created  or
 recognised by this Act and no act or omission shall be deemed to be an
 offence under the aforesaid sections if,-
 
 (a) the alleged offence relates to a registered trade mark and the act
 or omission is permitted under this Act;  and
 
 (b)  the  alleged offence relates to a registered or  an  unregistered
 trade  mark  and the act or omission is permitted under any other  law
 for the time being in force.
 
 
 111.
 
 Forfeiture of goods.
 
 
 111.   Forfeiture  of  goods.-(1) Where a person is  convicted  of  an
 offence  under  section  103  or  section 104 or  section  105  or  is
 acquitted of an offence under section 103 or section 104 on proof that
 he  acted  without intent to defraud, or under section 104 n proof  of
 the  matters specified in clause (a), clause (b) or clause (c) of that
 section,  the  court  convicting  or acquitting  him  may  direct  the
 forfeiture  to  Government of all goods and things by means of, or  in
 relation  to,  which the offence has been co mitted, or but  for  such
 proof as aforesaid would have been committed.
 
 (2)  When a forfeiture is directed on a conviction and an appeal  lies
 against  the  conviction, an appeal shall lie against  the  forfeiture
 also.
 
 (3) When a forfeiture is directed on acquittal and the goods or things
 to which the direction relates are of value exceeding fifty rupees, an
 appeal  against  the forfeiture may be preferred, within  thirty  days
 from  the  date of the direction, to the court o which  in  appealable
 cases  appeals  lie  from sentences of the court  which  directed  the
 forfeiture.
 
 (4)  When a forfeiture is directed on a conviction, the court,  before
 whom  the person is convicted, may order any forfeited articles to  be
 destroyed or otherwise disposed of as the court thinks fit.
 
 
 112.
 
 Exemption of certain persons employed in ordinary course of business.
 
 
 112.   Exemption  of  certain persons employed in ordinary  course  of
 business.-Where  a  person  accused of an offence  under  section  103
 proves-
 
 (a)  that  in  the ordinary course of his business he is  employed  on
 behalf of other persons to apply trade marks or trade descriptions, or
 as  the case may be, to make dies, blocks, machines, plates, or  other
 instruments for making, or being used in making trade marks;  and
 
 (b)  that  in  the case which is the subject of the charge he  was  so
 employed, and was not interested in the goods or other thing by way of
 profit  or commission dependent on the sale of such goods or providing
 of services, as the case may be;  and
 
 (c)  that, having taken all reasonable precautions against  committing
 the  offence  charged,  he had, at the time of the commission  of  the
 alleged  offence,  no reason to suspect the genuineness of  the  trade
 mark or trade description;  and
 
 (d)  that,  on demand made by or on behalf of the prosecutor, he  gave
 all  the information in his power with respect to the persons on whose
 behalf  the  trade mark or trade description was applied, he shall  be
 acquitted.
 
 
 113.
 
 Procedure where invalidity of registration is pleaded by the accused.
 
 
 113.   Procedure  where invalidity of registration is pleaded  by  the
 accused.-(1)  Where  the offence charged under section 103 or  section
 104  or section 105 is in relation to a registered trade mark and  the
 following  procedure  shall  be  followed:- accused  pleads  that  the
 registration of the trade m rk is invalid, the
 
 (a)  If  the  court  is satisfied that such  defence  is  prima  facie
 tenable,  it  shall not proceed with the charge but shall adjourn  the
 proceeding  for  three months from the date on which the plea  of  the
 accused  is  recorded  to enable the accused to file  an  ap  lication
 before  the  Appellate Board under this Act, for the rectification  of
 the register on the ground that the registration is invalid.
 
 (b)  If  the  accused  proves  to the court  that  he  has  made  such
 application  within the time so limited or within such further time as
 the  court may for sufficient cause allow, the further proceedings  in
 the   prosecution  shall  stand  stayed   till  the  disposal  f  such
 application for rectification.
 
 (c) If within a period of three months or within such extended time as
 may  be  allowed  by  the  court the accused fails  to  apply  to  the
 Appellate  Board  for rectification of the register, the  court  shall
 proceed with the case as if the registration were val d.
 
 (2) Where before the institution of a complaint of an offence referred
 to  in sub- section (1), any application for the rectification of  the
 register  concerning  the  trade  mark in question on  the  ground  of
 invalidity  of the registration thereof has already been properly made
 to  and  is  pending  before the tribunal, the court  shall  stay  the
 further  proceedings  in the prosecution pending the disposal  of  the
 application  aforesaid  and  shall determine the  charge  against  the
 accused   in  conformity  with  the   result  o  the  application  for
 rectification   in  so  far  as   the  complainant  relies  upon   the
 registration of his mark.
 
 
 114.
 
 Offences by companies.
 
 
 114.   Offences by companies.-(1) If the person committing an  offence
 under  this  Act is a company, the company as well as every person  in
 charge  of,  and  responsible to, the company for the conduct  of  its
 business  at the time of the commission of the offenc shall be  deemed
 to  be  guilty  of  the offence and shall be liable  to  be  proceeded
 against  and punished accordingly:  Provided that nothing contained in
 this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment
 if  he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge  or
 that  he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such
 offence.
 
 
 (2)  Notwithstanding  anything contained in sub-section (1), where  an
 offence  under  this  Act has been committed by a company  and  it  is
 proved  that  the  offence  has been committed  with  the  consent  or
 connivance  of, or that the commission of the offence is at  ributable
 to  any  neglect on the part of, any director, manager,  secretary  or
 other  officer  of the company, such director, manager,  secretary  or
 other  officer  shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence  and
 shall be liable to be proceeded against an punished accordingly.
 
 Explanation.-For the purposes of this section-
 
 (a)  "company'' means any body corporate and includes a firm or  other
 association of individuals;  and
 
 (b) "director'', in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm.
 
 
 115.
 
 Cognizance  of  certain offences and the powers of police officer  forsearch
 and seizure.
 
 
 115.   Cognizance of certain offences and the powers of police officer
 for  search  and  seizure.-(1) No court shall take  cognizance  of  an
 offence  under  section  107 or section 108 or section 109  except  on
 complaint  in writing made by the Registrar or any off cer  authorised
 by him in writing:
 
 Provided  that in relation to clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section
 107,  a  court shall take cognizance of an offence on the basis  of  a
 certificate  issued  by the Registrar to the effect that a  registered
 trade  mark has been represented as registered i respect of any  goods
 or services in respect of which it is not in fact registered.
 
 (2) No court inferior to that of a Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial
 Magistrate of the first class shall try an offence under this Act.
 
 (3) The offences under section 103 or section 104 or section 105 shall
 be cognizable.
 
 (4)  Any police officer not below the rank of deputy superintendent of
 police or equivalent, may, if he is satisfied that any of the offences
 referred to in sub-section (3) has been, is being, or is likely to be,
 committed,  search  and seize without warra t the goods,  die,  block,
 machine, plate, other instruments or things involved in committing the
 offence, wherever found, and all the articles so seized shall, as soon
 as  practicable, be produced before a Judicial Magistrate of the first
 class or Metropol tan Magistrate, as the case may be:
 
 Provided  that  the  police  officer, before  making  any  search  and
 seizure,  shall obtain the opinion of the Registrar on facts  involved
 in  the offence relating to trade mark and shall abide by the  opinion
 so obtained.
 
 (5)  Any  person  having  an  interest in  any  article  seized  under
 sub-section  (4),  may, within fifteen days of such seizure,  make  an
 application  to  the  Judicial  Magistrate  of  the  first  class   or
 Metropolitan  Magistrate,  as the case may be, for such article b  ing
 restored  to  him and the Magistrate, after hearing the applicant  and
 the  prosecution,  shall make such order on the application as he  may
 deem fit.
 
 
 116.
 
 Evidence of origin of goods imported by sea.
 
 
 116.   Evidence  of  origin of goods imported by sea.-In the  case  of
 goods  brought  into  India by sea, evidence of the port  of  shipment
 shall,  in a prosecution for an offence under this Act or under clause
 (b)  of section 112 of the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1 62), relating to
 confiscation  of goods under clause (d) of section 111 and notified by
 the  Central Government under clause (n) of sub-section (2) of section
 11  of  the  said Act for the protection of trade  marks  relating  to
 import  of  goods, be prima faci evidence of the place or  country  in
 which the goods are made or produced.
 
 
 117.
 
 Costs of defence or prosecution.
 
 
 117.   Costs of defence or prosecution.-In any prosecution under  this
 Act,  the court may order such costs to be paid by the accused to  the
 complainant,  or by the complainant to the accused, as the court deems
 reasonable  having regard to all the circumstan es of the case and the
 conduct  of the parties and the costs so awarded shall be  recoverable
 as if they were a fine.
 
 
 118.
 
 Limitation of prosecution.
 
 
 118.   Limitation of prosecution.-No prosecution for an offence  under
 this  Act or under clause (b) of section 112 of the Customs Act, 1962,
 relating  to confiscation of goods under clause (d) of section 111 and
 notified by the Central Government under clau e (n) of sub-section (2)
 of  section  11  of the said Act for the protection  of  trade  marks,
 relating  to  import of goods shall be commenced after  expiration  of
 three  years next after the commission of the offence charged, or  two
 years  after  the  discovery  th reof  by  the  prosecutor,  whichever
 expiration first-happens.
 
 
 119.
 
 Information as to commission of offence.
 
 
 119.   Information  as  to commission of offence.-An  officer  of  the
 Government  whose  duty it is to take part in the enforcement  of  the
 provisions  of this Chapter shall not be compelled in any court to say
 whence  he  got  any information as to the commission  o  any  offence
 against this Act.
 
 
 120.
 
 Punishment of abetment in India of acts done out of India.
 
 
 120.   Punishment  of abetment in India of acts done out of  India.-If
 any  person, being within India, abets the commission, without  India,
 of  any act which, if committed in India, would, under this Act, be an
 offence,  he  may be tried for such abetment in a y place in India  in
 which he may be found, and be punished therefor with the punishment to
 which he would be liable if he had himself committed in that place the
 act which he abetted.
 
 
 121.
 
 Instructions  of Central Government as to permissible variation to  beobserved
 by criminal courts.
 
 
 121.   Instructions of Central Government as to permissible  variation
 to  be  observed  by criminal courts.-The Central Government  may,  by
 notification  in  the  Official Gazette, issue  instructions  for  the
 limits  of  variation, as regards number, quantity, meas re, gauge  or
 weight which are to be recognised by criminal courts as permissible in
 the case of any goods.
 
 
 CHAP
 
 MISCELLANEOUS
 
 
 CHAPTER XIII
 
 MISCELLANEOUS
 
 
 122.
 
 Protection of action taken in good faith.
 
 
 122.  Protection of action taken in good faith.-No suit or other legal
 prceedings  shall lie against any person in respect of anything  which
 is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act.
 
 
 123.
 
 Certain persons to be public servants.
 
 
 123.   Certain  persons to be public servants.-Every person  appointed
 under this Act and every Member of the Appellate Board shall be deemed
 to  be a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian
 Penal Code.
 
 
 124.
 
 Stay  of  proceedings where the validity of registration of the  trademark is
 questioned, etc.
 
 
 124.   Stay  of proceedings where the validity of registration of  the
 trade  mark is questioned, etc.-(1) Where in any suit for infringement
 of a trade mark-
 
 (a)  the  defendant pleads that registration of the plaintiff's  trade
 mark is invalid;  or
 
 (b) the defendant raises a defence under clause (e) of sub-section (2)
 of  section 30 and the plantiff pleads the invalidity of  registration
 of  the defendant's trade mark, the court trying the suit (hereinafter
 referred to as the court), shall,-
 
 (i)  if any proceedings for rectification of the register in  relation
 to  the  plaintiff's or defendant's trade mark are pending before  the
 Registrar  or  the  Appellate Board, stay the suit pending  the  final
 disposal of such proceedings;
 
 (ii)  if  no such proceedings are pending and the court  is  satisfied
 that  the  plea  regarding the invalidity of the registration  of  the
 plantiff's  or defendant's trade mark is prima facie tenable, raise an
 issue  regarding  the same and adjourn the case for a period of  three
 months  from  the date of the framing of the issue in order to  enable
 the  party concerned to apply to the Appellate Board for rectification
 of the register.
 
 (2)  If  the party concerned proves to the court that he has made  any
 such  application as is referred to in clause (b) (ii) of  sub-section
 (1)  within the time specified therein or within such extended time as
 the  court may for sufficient cause allow, the rial of the suit  shall
 stand   stayed  until  the  final   disposal  of   the   rectification
 proceedings.
 
 (3)  If no such application as aforesaid has been made within the time
 so  specified or within such extended time as the court may allow, the
 issue  as  to  the  validity of the registration  of  the  trade  mark
 concerned  shall  be deemed to have been abandoned nd the court  shall
 proceed with the suit in regard to the other issues in the case.
 
 (4)  The final order made in any rectification proceedings referred to
 in  sub-section  (1)  or  sub-section (2) shall be  binding  upon  the
 parties  and  the court shall dispose of the suit conformably to  such
 order  in so far as it relates to the issue as to t e validity of  the
 registration of the trade mark.
 
 (5) The stay of a suit for the infringement of a trade mark under this
 section  shall  not preclude the court from making  any  interlocutory
 order  (including any order granting an injunction, directing  account
 to  be kept, appointing a receiver or attaching any property),  during
 the period of the stay of the suit.
 
 
 125.
 
 Application  for  rectification  of register to be made  to  AppellateBoard in
 certain cases.
 
 
 125.   Application  for  rectification  of  register  to  be  made  to
 Appellate Board in certain cases.-(1) Where in a suit for infringement
 of  a  registered trade mark the validity of the registration  of  the
 plaintiff's  trade mark is questioned by the defendant r where in  any
 such  suit  the  defendant  raises  a  defence  under  clause  (e)  of
 sub-section (2) of section 30 and the plaintiff questions the validity
 of the registration of the defendant's trade mark, the issue as to the
 validity  of  the  registration of the rade mark  concerned  shall  be
 determined  only  on  an  application for  the  rectification  of  the
 register  and,  notwithstanding  anything contained in section  47  or
 section  57, such application shall be made to the Appellate Board and
 not to the Registrar.
 
 (2) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (1), where an application
 for  rectification  of  the register is made to  the  Registrar  under
 section  47 or section 57, the Registrar may, if he thinks fit,  refer
 the application at any stage of the proceedings o the Appellate Board.
 
 
 126.
 
 Implied warranty on sale of marked goods.
 
 
 126.   Implied  warranty  on sale of marked goods.-Where a mark  or  a
 trade  mark or trade description has been applied to the goods on sale
 or  in  the  contract  for sale of any goods or  in  relation  to  any
 service,  the  seller  shall be deemed to warrant that the mark  is  a
 genuine mark and not falsely applied, or that the trade description is
 not  a  false trade description within the meaning of this Act  unless
 the  contrary  is expressed in writing signed by or on behalf  of  the
 seller  and delivered at the time of th sale of goods or providing  of
 services on contract to and accepted by the buyer.
 
 
 127.
 
 Powers of Registrar.
 
 
 127.   Powers  of Registrar.-In all proceedings under this Act  before
 the Registrar,-
 
 (a)  the Registrar shall have all the powers of a civil court for  the
 purposes  of  receiving evidence, administering oaths,  enforcing  the
 attendance  of  witnesses, compelling the discovery and production  of
 documents and issuing commissions for the examinat on of witnesses;
 
 (b)  the Registrar may, subject to any rules made in this behalf under
 section  157, make such orders as to costs as he considers reasonable,
 and any such order shall be executable as a decree of a civil court:
 
 Provided  that the Registrar shall have no power to award costs to  or
 against  any  party  on  an appeal to him against  a  refusal  of  the
 proprietor of a certification trade mark to certify goods or provision
 of services or to authorise the use of the mark;
 
 (c)  the  Registrar  may,  on an application made  in  the  prescribed
 manner, review his own decision.
 
 
 128.
 
 Exercise of discretionary power by Registrar.
 
 
 128.   Exercise  of discretionary power by Registrar.-Subject  to  the
 provisions  of  section  131,  the Registrar shall  not  exercise  any
 discretionary  or  other power vested in him by this Act or the  rules
 made  thereunder  adversely to a person applying for the e  ercise  of
 that  power  without  (if  so  required  by  that  person  within  the
 prescribed time) giving to the person an opportunity of being heard.
 
 
 129.
 
 Evidence before Registrar.
 
 
 129.   Evidence  before  Registrar.-In any proceeding under  this  Act
 before the Registrar, evidence shall be given by affidavit:
 
 Provided  that the Registrar may, if he thinks fit, take oral evidence
 in lieu of, or in addition to, such evidence by affidavit.
 
 
 130.
 
 Death of party to a proceeding.
 
 
 130.   Death of party to a proceeding.-If a person who is a party to a
 proceeding under this Act (not being a proceeding before the Appellate
 Board  or a court) dies pending the proceeding, the Registrar may,  on
 request,  and  on proof to his satisfaction of he transmission of  the
 interest  of  the  deceased person, substitute in the  proceeding  his
 successor in interest in his place, or, if the Registrar is of opinion
 that  the interest of the deceased person is sufficiently  represented
 by  the  surviving parties, permit the proceeding to continue  without
 the substitution of his successor in interest.
 
 
 131.
 
 Extension of time.
 
 
 131.   Extension  of  time.-(1)  If the  Registrar  is  satisfied,  on
 application  made  to him in the prescribed manner and accompanied  by
 the  prescribed fee, that there is sufficient cause for extending  the
 time  for  doing any act (not being a time expressly prov ded in  this
 Act),  whether  the  time  so specified has expired or  not,  he  may,
 subject  to such conditions as he may think fit to impose, extend  the
 time and inform the parties accordingly.
 
 (2)  Nothing  in  sub-section  (1)  shall be  deemed  to  require  the
 Registrar  to hear the parties before disposing of an application  for
 extension  of  time,  and no appeal shall lie from any  order  of  the
 Registrar under this section.
 
 
 132.
 
 Abandonment.
 
 
 132.   Abandonment.-Where,  in  the  opinion   of  the  Registrar,  an
 applicant  is  in default in the prosecution of an  application  filed
 under  this  Act or any Act relating to trade marks in force prior  to
 the commencement of this Act, the Registrar may, by notice require the
 applicant  to  remedy  the default within a time specified  and  after
 giving  him, if so, desired, an opportunity of being heard, treat  the
 application  as  abandoned, unless the default is remedied within  the
 time specified in the notice.
 
 
 133.
 
 Preliminary advice by the Registrar as to distinctiveness.
 
 
 133.   Preliminary advice by the Registrar as to  distinctiveness.-(1)
 The Registrar may, on application made to him in the prescribed manner
 by  any  person who proposes to apply for the registration of a  trade
 mark,  give  advice as to whether the trade mark ppears to  him  prima
 facie to be distinctive.
 
 (2)  If, on an application for the registration of a trade mark as  to
 which  the Registrar has given advice as aforesaid in the  affirmative
 made  within  three months after the advice was given, the  Registrar,
 after  further  investigation or consideration, gi es notice,  to  the
 applicant  of  objection  on  the ground that the trade  mark  is  not
 distinctive,  the  applicant  shall be entitled, on giving  notice  of
 withdrawal  of  the application within the prescribed period, to  have
 repaid to him any fee paid on the fili g of the application.
 
 
 134.
 
 Suit for infringement, etc., to be instituted before District Court.
 
 
 134.   Suit  for infringement, etc., to be instituted before  District
 Court.-(1) No suit-
 
 (a) for the infringement of a registered trade mark;  or
 
 (b) relating to any right in a registered trade mark;  or
 
 (c)  for  passing off arising out of the use by the defendant  of  any
 trade  mark  which  is identical with or deceptively  similar  to  the
 plaintiff's  trade mark, whether registered or unregistered, shall  be
 instituted   in  any  court  inferior  to  a  District  Court   having
 jurisdiction to try the suit.
 
 (2)  For  the  purpose of clauses (a) and (b) of  sub-section  (1),  a
 "District  Court having jurisdiction'' shall, notwithstanding anything
 contained  in  the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 or any other law  for
 the  time  being in force, include a District Court w thin  the  local
 limits  of  whose jurisdiction, at the time of the institution of  the
 suit  or  other  proceeding,  the   person  instituting  the  suit  or
 proceeding,  or,  where  there are more than one such persons  any  of
 them,  actually  and  voluntarily resides or ca ries  on  business  or
 personally works for gain.
 
 Explanation.-For  the purposes of sub-section (2), "person''  includes
 the registered proprietor and the registered user.
 
 
 135.
 
 Relief in suits for infringement or for passing off.
 
 
 135.   Relief  in suits for infringement or for passing  off.-(1)  The
 relief  which  a court may grant in any suit for infringement  or  for
 passing off referred to in section 134 includes injunction (subject to
 such  terms, if any, as the court thinks fit) and a the option of  the
 plaintiff,  either damages or an account of profits, together with  or
 without  any  order for the delivery-up of the infringing  labels  and
 marks for destruction or erasure.
 
 (2)  The  order of injunction under sub-section (1) may include an  ex
 parte  injunction or any interlocutory order for any of the  following
 matters, namely:-
 
 (a) for discovery of documents;
 
 (b)  preserving of infringing goods, documents or other evidence which
 are related to the subject-matter of the suit;
 
 (c)  restraining  the defendant from disposing of or dealing with  his
 assets  in a manner which may adversely affect plaintiff's ability  to
 recover  damages,  costs  or  other pecuniary remedies  which  may  be
 finally awarded to the plaintiff.
 
 (3)  Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), the  court
 shall  not grant relief by way of damages (other than nominal damages)
 or on account of profits in any case-
 
 (a) where in a suit for infringement of a trade mark, the infringement
 complained  of  is  in  relation  to a  certification  trade  mark  or
 collective mark;  or
 
 (b)  where  in  a suit for infringement the  defendant  satisfies  the
 court-
 
 (i)  that at the time he commenced to use the trade mark complained of
 in the suit, he was unaware and had no reasonable ground for believing
 that  the trade mark of the plaintiff was on the register or that  the
 plaintiff was a registered user using by way of permitted use;  and
 
 (ii)  that  when  he became aware of the existence and nature  of  the
 plaintiff's  right  in the trade mark, he forthwith ceased to use  the
 trade mark in relation to goods or services in respect of which it was
 registered;  or
 
 (c)  where  in  a suit for passing off, the  defendant  satisfies  the
 court-
 
 (i)  that at the time he commenced to use the trade mark complained of
 in  the suit he was unaware and had no reasonable ground for believing
 that the trade mark of the plaintiff was in use;  and
 
 (ii)  that  when  he became aware of the existence and nature  of  the
 plaintiff's  trade  mark  he forthwith ceased to use  the  trade  mark
 complained of.
 
 
 136.
 
 Registered user to be impleaded in certain proceedings.
 
 
 136.   Registered user to be impleaded in certain proceedings.-(1)  In
 every  proceeding  under  Chapter  VII  or  under  section  91,  every
 registered  user of a trade mark using by way of permitted use, who is
 not  himself  an  applicant  in respect of any  proceeding  nder  that
 Chapter or section, shall be made a party to the proceeding.
 
 (2)  Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, a registered
 user  so  made a party to the proceeding shall not be liable  for  any
 costs unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceeding.
 
 
 137.
 
 Evidence  of  entries  in  register,  etc., and  things  done  by  theregistrar.
 
 
 137.   Evidence  of entries in register, etc., and things done by  the
 registrar.-(1)  A copy of any entry in the register or of any document
 referred  to  in  sub-section  (1) of section  148  purporting  to  be
 certified by the Registrar and sealed with the seal of the Trade Marks
 Registry  shall  be  admitted  in evidence in all courts  and  in  all
 proceedings without further proof or production of the original.
 
 (2)  A certificate purporting to be under the hand of the Registrar as
 to any entry, matter or thing that he is authorised by this Act or the
 rules  to make or do shall be prima facie evidence of the entry having
 been  made,  and  of the contents thereof, or f the matter  or  things
 having been done or not done.
 
 
 138.
 
 Registrar  and  other officers, not compellable to  produce  register,etc.
 
 
 138.   Registrar  and  other  officers,  not  compellable  to  produce
 register,  etc.-The  Registrar  or  any officer  of  the  Trade  Marks
 Registry  shall  not,  in any legal proceedings to which he is  not  a
 party, be compellable to produce the register or any other docu ent in
 his  custody, the contents of which can be proved by the production of
 a  certified  copy issued under this Act or to appear as a witness  to
 prove  the matters therein recorded unless by order of the court  made
 for special cause.
 
 
 139.
 
 Power to require goods to show indication of origin.
 
 
 139.   Power  to require goods to show indication of  origin.-(1)  The
 Central  Government  may,  by notification in  the  Official  Gazette,
 require  that  goods of any class specified in the notification  which
 are  made  or  produced beyond the limits of India and imp  rted  into
 India,  or,  which  are made or produced within the limits  of  India,
 shall,  from  such  date as may be appointed by the  notification  not
 being  less than three months from its issue, have applied to them  an
 indication  of  the  country  or  place in which  they  were  made  or
 produced, or of the name and address of the manufacturer or the person
 for whom the goods were manufactured.
 
 (2)  The notification may specify the manner in which such  indication
 shall be applied that is to say, whether to goods themselves or in any
 other  manner, and the times or occasions on which the presence of the
 indication  shall be necessary, that is to sa , whether on importation
 only,  or also at the time of sale, whether by wholesale or retail  or
 both.
 
 (3)  No  notification  under  this section  shall  be  issued,  unless
 application  is  made  for  its   issue  by  persons  or  associations
 substantially   representing   the  interests  of   dealers   in,   or
 manufacturers,  producers, or users of, the goods concerned, or unless
 t  e Central Government is otherwise convinced that it is necessary in
 the  public  interest to issue the notification, with or without  such
 inquiry, as the Central Government may consider necessary.
 
 (4)  The  provisions  of section 23 of the General Clauses  Act,  1897
 shall  apply to the issue of a notification under this section as they
 apply  to  the  making  of a rule or bye-law the making  of  which  is
 subject to the condition of previous publication.
 
 (5) A notification under this section shall not apply to goods made or
 produced  beyond  the limits of India and imported into India,  if  in
 respect  of  those goods, the Commissioner of Customs is satisfied  at
 the time of importation that they are intended f r exportation whether
 after transhipment in or transit through India or otherwise.
 
 
 140.
 
 Power  to  require information of imported goods bearing  false  trademarks.
 
 
 140.   Power  to require information of imported goods  bearing  false
 trade  marks.-(1)  The proprietor or a licensee of a registered  trade
 mark  may  give  notice  in writing to the  Collector  of  Customs  to
 prohibit  the importation of any goods if the import of th said  goods
 constitute infringement under clause (c) of sub-section (6) of section
 29.
 
 (2)  Where  goods, which are prohibited to be imported into  India  by
 notification of the Central Government under clause (n) of sub-section
 (2)  of  section  11 of the Customs Act, 1962, for the  protection  of
 trade  marks, and are liable to confiscation on imp rtation under that
 Act,  are  imported into India, the Commissioner of Customs  if,  upon
 representation  made  to him, he has reason to believe that the  trade
 mark  complained  of  is used as a false trade mark, may  require  the
 importer  of the goods, or his agen , to produce any documents in  his
 possession  relating to the goods and to furnish information as to the
 name  and  address of the person by whom the goods were  consigned  to
 India  and  the name and address of the person to whom the goods  were
 sent in India.
 
 (3) The importer or his agent shall, within fourteen da, within fourteen days, comply with
 the  requirement  as aforesaid, and if he fails to do so, he shall  be
 punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.
 
 (4)  Any  information obtained from the importer of the goods  or  his
 agent  under  this section may be communicated by the Commissioner  of
 Customs  to the registered proprietor or registered user of the  trade
 mark which is alleged to have been used as a fals trade mark.
 
 
 141.
 
 Certificate of validity.
 
 
 141.   Certificate  of  validity.-If  in   any  legal  proceeding  for
 rectification of the register before the Appellate Board a decision is
 on  contest given in favour of the registered proprietor of the  trade
 mark  on the issue as to the validity of the registrat on of the trade
 mark,  the Appellate Board may grant a certificate to that effect, and
 if  such  a  certificate  is granted, then, in  any  subsequent  legal
 proceeding  in  which the said validity comes into question  the  said
 proprietor  on  obtaining  a  final order or judgment  in  his  favour
 affirming validity of the registration of the trade mark shall, unless
 the  said  final  order  or judgment  for  sufficient  reason  directs
 otherwise,  be  entitled  to  his full cost charges  and  expenses  as
 between legal practitioner and client.
 
 
 142.
 
 Groundless threats of legal proceedings.
 
 
 142.   Groundless threats of legal proceedings.-(1) Where a person, by
 means  of  circulars, advertisements or otherwise, threatens a  person
 with an action or proceeding for infringement of a trade mark which is
 registered,  or alleged by the first-mentioned erson to be registered,
 or  with  some other like proceeding, a person aggrieved may,  whether
 the  person making the threats is or is not the registered  proprietor
 or  the  registered user of the trade mark, bring a suit  against  the
 first-mentioned person and may obtain a declaration to the effect that
 the  threats  are  unjustifiable,  and   an  injunction  against   the
 continuance of the threats and may recover such damages (if any) as he
 has  sustained, unless the first-mentioned person satisfies the  court
 that the rade mark is registered and that the acts in respect of which
 the  proceedings  were  threatened,  constitute, or,  if  done,  would
 constitute, an infringement of the trade mark.
 
 (2)  The  last preceding sub-section does not apply if the  registered
 proprietor of the trade mark, or a registered user acting in pursuance
 of  sub-section  (1)  of section 52 with due diligence  commences  and
 the trade mark.  prosecutes an action against the person threatene for
 infringement of
 
 (3)  Nothing  in this section shall render a legal practitioner  or  a
 registered trade marks agent liable to an action under this section in
 respect  of an act done by him in his professional capacity on  behalf
 of a client.
 
 (4)  A suit under sub-section (1) shall not be instituted in any court
 inferior to a District Court.
 
 
 143.
 
 Address for service.
 
 
 143.   Address  for  service.-An  address for  service  stated  in  an
 application  or  notice  of opposition shall for the purposes  of  the
 application or notice of opposition be deemed to be the address of the
 applicant  or  opponent,  as  the case may be, and all  docu  ents  in
 relation  to the application or notice of opposition may be served  by
 leaving  them at or sending them by post to the address for service of
 the applicant or opponent, as the case may be.
 
 
 144.
 
 Trade usages, etc., to be taken into conseration.
 
 
 144.   Trade  usages,  etc.,  to be  taken  into  conseration.-In  any
 proceeding relating to a trade mark, the tribunal shall admit evidence
 of the usages of the trade concerned and of any relevant trade mark or
 trade name or get up legitimately used by other pe sons.
 
 
 145.
 
 Agents.
 
 
 145.   Agents.-Where,  by or under this Act, any act, other  than  the
 making of an affidavit, is required to be done before the Registrar by
 any  person, the act may, subject to the rules made in this behalf, be
 done instead of by that person himself, by a pe son duly authorised in
 the prescribed manner, who is-
 
 (a) a legal practitioner, or
 
 (b)  a  person  registered in the prescribed manner as a  trade  marks
 agent, or
 
 (c) a person in the sole and regular employment of the principal.
 
 
 146.
 
 Marks registered by an agent or representative without authority.
 
 
 146.   Marks  registered  by  an   agent  or  representative   without
 authority.-If  an  agent  or a representative of the proprietor  of  a
 registered  trade mark, without authority uses or attempts to register
 or registers the mark in his own name, the proprietor shal be entitled
 to  oppose the registration applied for or secure its cancellation  or
 rectification  of  the register so as to bring him as  the  registered
 proprietor of the said mark by assignment in his favour:
 
 Provided  that  such action shall be taken within three years  of  the
 registered  proprietor of the trade mark becoming aware of the conduct
 of the agent or representative.
 
 
 147.
 
 Indexes.
 
 
 147.  Indexes.-There shall be kept under the direction and supervision
 of the Registrar-
 
 (a) an index of registered trade marks;
 
 (b)  an  index  of trade marks in respect of  which  applications  for
 registration are pending;
 
 (c)  an  index  of the names of the proprietors  of  registered  trade
 marks;  and
 
 (d) an index of the names of registered users.
 
 
 148.
 
 Documents open to public inspection.
 
 
 148.   Documents  open  to public inspection.-(1)  Save  as  otherwise
 provided in sub-section (4) of section 49,-
 
 (a) the register and any document upon which any entry in the register
 is based;
 
 (b)  every  notice of opposition to the registration of a  trade  mark
 application  for rectification before the Registrar, counter-statement
 thereto,  and  any affidavit or document filed by the parties  in  any
 proceedings before the Registrar;
 
 (c)  all regulations deposited under section 63 or section 74, and all
 applications  under  section  66  or   section  77  for  varying  such
 regulations;
 
 (d) the indexes mentioned in section 147;  and
 
 (e)   such  other  documents  as   the  Central  Government  may,   by
 notification  in the Official Gazette, specify, shall, subject to such
 conditions  as may be prescribed, be open to public inspection at  the
 Trade Marks Registry:
 
 Provided  that  when such register is maintained wholly or  partly  on
 computer,  the inspection of such register under this section shall be
 made  by  inspecting the computer print- out of the relevant entry  in
 the register so maintained on computer.
 
 (2)  Any person may, on an application to the Registrar and on payment
 of  such  fees  as may be prescribed, obtain a certified copy  of  any
 entry in the register or any document referred to in sub-section (1).
 
 
 149.
 
 Reports of Registrar to be placed before Parliament.
 
 
 149.  Reports of Registrar to be placed before Parliament.-The Central
 Government  shall cause to be placed before both Houses of  Parliament
 once  a  year  a  report  respecting the execution  by  or  under  the
 Registrar of this Act.
 
 
 150.
 
 Fees and surcharge.
 
 
 150.   Fees  and  surcharge.-(1)  There shall be paid  in  respect  of
 applications  and  registration and other matters under this Act  such
 fees and surcharge as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
 
 (2)  Where  a fee is payable in respect of the doing of an act by  the
 Registrar,  the Registrar shall not do that act until the fee has been
 paid.
 
 (3)  Where a fee is payable in respect of the filing of a document  at
 the  Trade  Marks Registry, the document shall be deemed not  to  have
 been filed at the registry until the fee has been paid.
 
 
 151.
 
 Savings in respect of certain matters in Chapter XII.
 
 
 151.  Savings in respect of certain matters in Chapter XII.-Nothing in
 Chapter XII shall-
 
 (a)  exempt any person from any suit or other proceeding which  might,
 but for anything in that Chapter, be brought against him;  or
 
 (b)  entitle any person to refuse to make a complete discovery, or  to
 answer  any question or interrogatory in any suit or other proceeding,
 but  such  discovery  or answer shall not be  admissible  in  evidence
 against  such person in any such prosecution for a offence under  that
 Chapter  or against clause (h) of section 112 of the Customs Act, 1962
 (52  of  1962) relating to confiscation of goods under clause  (d)  of
 section  111 of that Act and notified by the Central Government  under
 clause  (n) of sub-section (2 of section 11 thereof for the protection
 of trade marks relating to import of goods;  or
 
 (c)  be  construed  so  as  to render liable  to  any  prosecution  or
 punishment any servant of a master resident in India who in good faith
 acts  in obedience to the instructions of such master, and, on  demand
 made  by or on behalf of the prosecutor, has given fu l information as
 to  his  master and as to the instructions which he has received  from
 his master.
 
 
 152.
 
 Declaration  as  to ownership of trade mark not registrable under
 theRegistration Act, 1908.
 
 
 152.   Declaration as to ownership of trade mark not registrable under
 the  Registration Act, 1908.-Notwithstanding anything contained in the
 Registration  Act,  1908  (16  of  1908),  no  document  declaring  or
 purporting  to  declare the ownership or title of a p rson to a  trade
 mark other than a registered trade mark shall be registered under that
 Act.
 
 
 153.
 
 Government to be bound.
 
 
 153.   Government  to  be bound.-The provisions of this Act  shall  be
 binding on the Government.
 
 
 154.
 
 Special  provisions  relating  to applications for  registration  fromcitizens
 of convention countries.
 
 
 154.   Special  provisions relating to applications  for  registration
 from  citizens  of  convention  countries.-(1)  With  a  view  to  the
 fulfilment  of a treaty, convention or arrangement with any country or
 country  which  is  a  member  of a group of countries  or  u  ion  of
 countries  or  Inter-Governmental  Organisation  outside  India  which
 affords  to citizens of India similar privileges as granted to its own
 citizens,  the Central Government may, by notification in the Official
 Gazette,  declare  such  country  or group of countries  or  union  of
 countries  or  Inter-Governmental  Organisation  to  be  a  convention
 country   or   group   of  countries  or   union   of   countries   or
 Inter-Governmental Organisations, as the case may be, for the purposes
 of this Act.
 
 (2)  Where a person has made an application for the registration of  a
 trade  mark in a convention country or country which is a member of  a
 group  of  countries  or  union  of  countries  or  Inter-Governmental
 Organisation and that person, or his legal represent tive or assignee,
 makes  an application for the registration of the trade mark in  India
 within  six months after the date on which the application was made in
 the  convention  country  or country which is a member of a  group  of
 countries  or union of countries or Inter-Governmental  Organisations,
 the  trade mark shall, if registered under this Act, be registered  as
 of  the  date  on  which the application was made  in  the  convention
 country  or country which is a member of a group of countries or union
 of  countries o Inter-Governmental Organisation and that date shall be
 deemed for the purposes of this Act to be the date of registration.
 
 (3)  Where applications have been made for the registration of a trade
 mark  in two or more convention countries or country which are members
 of  group  of  countries or union of countries  or  Inter-Governmental
 Organisation,  the  period  of  six  months referred  o  in  the  last
 preceding  sub-section  shall be reckoned from the date on  which  the
 earlier or earliest of those applications was made.
 
 (4)  Nothing in this Act shall entitle the proprietor of a trade  mark
 to recover damages for infringement which took place prior to the date
 of application for registration under this Act.
 
 
 155.
 
 Provision as to reciprocity.
 
 
 155.   Provision as to reciprocity.-Where any country or country which
 is  a  member  of  a  group of countries  or  union  of  countries  or
 Inter-Governmental Organisation specified by the Central Government in
 this  behalf by notification in the Official Gazette oes not accord to
 citizens  of India the same rights in respect of the registration  and
 protection  of  trade  marks as it accords to its  own  nationals,  no
 national  of  such country or country which is a member of a group  of
 countries or union of countries or Inter-Governmental Organisation, as
 the  case may be, shall be entitled, either solely or jointly with any
 other person,-
 
 (a)  to  apply  for  the  registration of, or  be  registered  as  the
 proprietor of, a trade mark;
 
 (b) to be registered as the assignee of the proprietor of a registered
 trade mark;  or
 
 (c) to apply for registration or be registered as a registered user of
 a trade mark under section 49.
 
 
 156.
 
 Power of Central Government to remove difficulties.
 
 
 156.   Power of Central Government to remove difficulties.-(1) If  any
 difficulty  arises in giving effect to the provisions of this Act, the
 Central  Government  may, by order published in the Official  Gazette,
 make  such provisions not inconsistent with the p ovisions of this Act
 as may appear to be necessary for removing the difficulty:
 
 Provided  that  no  order shall be made under this section  after  the
 expiry of five years from the commencement of this Act.
 
 (2) Every order made under this section shall, as soon as may be after
 it is made, be laid before each House of Parliament.
 
 
 157.
 
 Power to make rules.
 
 
 157.   Power  to  make  rules.-(1)  The  Central  Government  may,  by
 notification  in the Official Gazette and subject to the conditions of
 previous  publication, make rules to carry out the provisions of  this
 Act.
 
 (2)  In  particular,  and without prejudice to the generality  of  the
 foregoing  power,  such  rules  may  provide for all  or  any  of  the
 following matters, namely:-
 
 (i)  the  matters to be included in the Register of Trade Marks  under
 sub-section (1) of section 6, and the safeguards to be observed in the
 maintenance  of  records on computer floppies or diskettes or  in  any
 other electronic form under sub-section (2) of that section;
 
 (ii) the manner of publication of alphabetical index of classification
 of goods and services under sub-section (1) of section 8;
 
 (iii)  the  manner  in  which the Registrar may notify a  word  as  an
 international non-proprietary name under section 13;
 
 (iv)  the  manner  of  making an application  for  dissolution  of  an
 association under sub-section (5) of section 16;
 
 (v)  the  manner of making an application for registration of a  trade
 mark under sub-section (1) of section 18;
 
 (vi)  the  manner  of advertising of an application  for  registration
 under  sub-section  (1),  and the manner of notifying  corrections  or
 amendments under sub-section (2), of section 20;
 
 (vii) the manner of making an application and the fee payable for such
 application   giving   notice  under   sub-section  (1)  and   sending
 counter-statements  under  sub-section (2) and submission of  evidence
 and the time therefor under sub-section (4) of section 21;
 
 (viii)  the form of certificate of registration under sub-section (2),
 and the manner of giving notice to the applicant under sub-section (3)
 of section 23;
 
 (ix)  the  forms of application for renewal and restoration  the  time
 within  which such application is to be made and fee and surcharge  if
 any  payable  with  each application, under section 25  and  the  time
 within  which the Registrar shall send a notice and t e manner of such
 notice under sub-section (3) of that section;
 
 (x)  the manner of submitting statement of cases under sub-section (2)
 of section 40;
 
 (xi)  the manner of making an application by the proprietor of a trade
 mark under section 41;
 
 (xii)   the  manner  of  making  an  application  for  assignment   or
 transmission of a certification trade mark under section 43;
 
 (xiii)  the  manner  of  making an application  to  the  Registrar  to
 register title under sub-section (1) of section 45;
 
 (xiv)  the manner in which and the period within which an  application
 is to be made under sub-section (4) of section 46;
 
 (xv)  the  manner of marking an application under sub-section  (2)  of
 section 47;
 
 (xvi)  the  manner  of  making an  application,  documents  and  other
 evidence  to accompany such application under sub-section (1) and  the
 manner  in  which  notice  is to be issued under  sub-section  (3)  of
 section 49;
 
 (xvii)  the manner of making an application under sub-section (1), the
 manner of issuing a notice under sub-section (2) and the procedure for
 cancelling a registration under sub-section (3) of section 50;
 
 (xviii)  the manner of making applications under sub-sections (1)  and
 (2),  the manner of giving notice under sub-section (4) and the manner
 of service of notice of rectification under sub-section (5) of section
 57;
 
 (xix) the manner of making an application under section 58;
 
 (xx)  the  manner of making an application under sub-section (1),  the
 manner  of  advertising an application, time and manner of  notice  by
 which  application  may be opposed under sub-sections (2) and  (3)  of
 section 59;
 
 (xxi) the manner of advertisement under sub-secion (2) of section 60;
 
 (xxii)  the  other  matters to be specified in the  regulations  under
 sub-section (2) of section 63;
 
 (xxiii)  the manner of making an application under sub-section (1)  of
 section 71;
 
 (xxiv) the manner of advertising an application under section 73;
 
 (xxv) the manner of making an application under section 77;
 
 (xxvi) the classes of goods under section 79;
 
 (xxvii)  the  conditions  and restrictions under  sub-section  (2)  of
 section 80;
 
 (xxviii) determination of character of textile goods by sampling under
 section 82;
 
 (xxix) the salaries and allowances payable to, and the other terms and
 conditions  of  service  of,  the Chairman,  Vice-Chairman  and  other
 Members under sub-section (1) of section 88;
 
 (xxx) the procedure for investigation of misbehaviour or incapacity of
 the Chairman, Vice-Chairman and other Members under sub-section (3) of
 section 89;
 
 (xxxi)  the salaries and allowances and other conditions of service of
 the  officers  and  other  employees  of  the  Appellate  Board  under
 sub-section  (2),  and  the  manner in which the  officers  and  other
 sub-section  (3),  of  section 90;  employees of the  Appellate  Board
 shall discharge their fun tions under
 
 (xxxii)  the form of making an appeal, the manner of verification  and
 the fee payable under sub-section (3) of section 91;
 
 (xxxiii)  the form in which and the particulars to be included in  the
 application  to  the Appellate Board under sub-section (1) of  section
 97;
 
 (xxxiv)  the  manner of making an application for review under  clause
 (c) of section 127;
 
 (xxxv)  the  time  within which an application is to be  made  to  the
 Registrar for exercising his discretionary power under section 128;
 
 (xxxvi)  the  manner  of  making an application and  the  fee  payable
 therefor under sub-section (1) of section 131;
 
 (xxxvii) the manner of making an application under sub-section (1) and
 the period for withdrawal of such application under sub-section (2) of
 section 133;
 
 (xxxviii)  the manner of authorising any person to act and the  manner
 of registration as a trade mark agent under section 145;
 
 (xxxix)  the conditions for inspection of documents under  sub-section
 (1) and the fee payable for obtaining a certified copy of any entry in
 the register under sub-section (2) of section 148;
 
 (xl)  the  fees  and  surcharge payable for  making  applications  and
 registration and other matters under section 150;
 
 (xli) any other matter which is required to be or may be prescribed.
 
 (3)  The  power to make rules conferred by this section shall  include
 the  power  to  give retrospective effect in respect  of  the  matters
 referred  to  in clauses (xxix) and (xxxi) of sub-section (2)  from  a
 date  not  earlier than the date of commencement of this Act,  but  no
 retrospective  effect  shall  be  given  to any such  rule  so  as  to
 prejudicially  affect the interests of any person to whom sub-rule may
 be applicable.
 
 (4)  Every rule made by the Central Government under this Act shall be
 laid,  as  soon  as  may be after it is made,  before  each  House  of
 Parliament,  while it is in session for a total period of thirty  days
 which  may  be comprised in one session or in two or m  re  successive
 sessions,  and  if,  before  the expiry  of  the  session  immediately
 following  the  session  or the successive  sessions  aforesaid,  both
 Houses  agree  in making any modification in the rule or  both  Houses
 agree that the rule should not be made, the r le shall thereafter have
 effect  only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may
 be;   so,  however, that any such modification or annulment  shall  be
 without  prejudice to the validity of any-thing previously done  under
 that rule.
 
 
 158.
 
 Amendments.
 
 
 158.   Amendments.-The  enactment specified in the Schedule  shall  be
 amended in the manner specified therein.
 
 
 159.
 
 Repeal and savings.
 
 
 159.   Repeal  and savings.-(1) The Trade and Merchandise  Marks  Act,
 1958 (43 of 1958) is hereby repealed.
 
 (2)  Without  prejudice  to the provisions contained  in  the  General
 Clauses  Act,  1897  (10  of  1897),  with  respect  to  repeals,  any
 notification,  rule,  order, requirement,  registration,  certificate,
 notice,  decision, determination, direction, approval, author  sation,
 consent,  application,  request or thing made, issued, given  or  done
 under the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958 (43 of 1958) shall, if
 in  force at the commencement of this Act, continue to be in force and
 have  effect as if made, issued, given r done under the  corresponding
 provisions of this Act.
 
 (3)  The  provisions  of this Act shall apply to any  application  for
 registration  of a trade mark pending at the commencement of this  Act
 and  to  any  proceedings consequent thereon and to  any  registration
 granted in pursuance thereof.
 
 (4)  Subject  to  the provisions of section  100  and  notwithstanding
 anything  contained  in  any other provision of this  Act,  any  legal
 proceeding pending in any court at the commencement of this Act may be
 continued in that court as if this Act had not been passed.
 
 (5) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, where a particular
 use  of a registered trade mark is not an infringement of a trade mark
 registered  before  the commencement of this Act, then, the  continued
 use of that mark shall not be an infringemen under this Act.
 
 (6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), the date of
 expiration  of  registration  of a trade mark  registered  before  the
 commencement  of  this  Act shall be the date  immediately  after  the
 period of seven years for which it was registered or renewed:
 
 Provided  that the registration of a defensive trade mark referred  to
 in  section  47  of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958  (43  of
 1958)  shall  cease to have effect on the date immediately  after  the
 expiry  of  five years of such commencement or after he expiry of  the
 period for which it was registered or renewed, whichever is earlier.

 

PAGE:   1

 

 

 Law Firm in India

- TRUSTMAN is an organisation of professional based at Delhi, India of high caliber and qualified professionals  to provide multi disciplinary services at one place to all businesses/ individuals and firm  is  capable of  addressing and resolving several business and legal issues. A law firm based at Delhi, India with a difference.  Law Firm in India